Warrior Marks Essay -- essays research papers

Warrior Marks      Female circumcision is a customary custom that is generally drilled in Africa on little youngsters with ages that differ from birth to pre-pubescent. It is accounted for to have its inceptions (with shifting degrees of unwavering quality) in antiquated Egypt. Female circumcision was likewise found being polished in western India and eastern Asia until it was prohibited around the turn of the twentieth century (BC). The method is fluctuated through three unique kinds of circumcision: Infibulation, clitoridectomy and Sunna. Clitoridectomy and Sunna are minor rendition of the circumcision with Infibulation being the most radical. These practices cause genuine wellbeing risks in certain ladies, which become more prominent in grown-up a very long time with the presentation of discharging, intercourse and labor. Unmistakably, there must be an amazing explanation behind this strategy to proceed with given the inconveniences and obligatory dull post medical procedures. Some bookkeeping must be taken so as to comprehend why ladies are placed in such danger. The appropriate response lies in culture. An individual's way of life and foundation characterize the conviction framework and understanding that an individual holds as inborn truth. All decisions and choices are made due to culture and anything that is contrary to culture influences the choice procedure and their convictions. Other significant components to understanding the continuation of female circumcision are social and strict conventions, power/distance connections, and stylish tastes. Is this longstanding convention important and if so are there approaches to consolidate progressively favorable (clean instruments, restoratively guaranteed/experienced specialists, age limit, and so forth.) techniques for playing out the activity? Anyw ay superfluous a pariah may think the training is, the irreversible reality is that this custom is a significant component of social personality. In the event that the activity by one way or another was not finished by a specific age in the young ladies life, she would be supported by her companions just as her seniors to search out and demand the circumcision. Not quite the same as most customary practices in African, female circumcision is only saved for women’s nearness and men are rejected from point by point information on explicit occasions. Females typically have these activities performed on them previously or at pubescence. It is basic for the mother or other close relative as a rule holds the young lady in dad... ...iciently loathsome that we will effectively work to change the conduct. I would suggest that the United Nations take an increasingly handy remain on the issue and start to set up options that will at any rate make the act of female circumcision progressively sterile. These associations offer condoms to decrease the spread of helps and food assets to actuate good dieting propensities so they should start to prepare these nations to finish the training in precise clinical structure. This does no imply that the United Nations or some other association concurs with the training, it just implies that positive endeavors are being made towards diminishing pointless delayed consequences. We will always be unable to address whether the procedure is vital in light of the fact that we don't comprehend the way of life. Nonetheless, we can improve it. Everybody in America doesn't concur with premature birth, which could be viewed as female genital mutilation, anyway the decision to have the system done is accessible and it is accessible under medicinally prepared spe cialists that are centered around keeping the patient safe. The patients of female circumcision ought to likewise have these alternatives accessible. To comprehend doesn't intend to excuse.

In The Peace Settlement Germany Was Forced To Accept Sole Essays

In the harmony settlement Germany had to acknowledge sole obligation regarding causing World War I. This was a completely reasonable interest with respect to the successful forces. The Treaty of Versailles was established into history in June 1919 with Germany constrained to acknowledge sole duty regarding causing World War I. From that point forward there has been significant discussion concerning the war however even today history specialists despite everything can't completely concur upon the causes. Some help has been given to the hypothesis that Germany was absolutely liable for the war anyway generous proof doesn't bolster that see. In this manner the request by the triumphant forces to remember for the Bargain that Germany acknowledge absolute fault can't be advocated. This exposition looks at specific occasions and activities before the July emergency. These caused strain and threatening vibe among countries yet didn't have a direct bearing upon the war. Additionally it has been resolved that there were choices and game-plans taken by a few countries following the death of Franz Ferdinand beneficiary to the Austrian-Hungarian seat which had an immediate bearing upon World War I. Advancement of political and military partnerships caused strain also, threatening vibe among countries paving the way to World War I. Two significant collusion frameworks created because of clashing national interests which had been apparent during the previous two decades all through Europe. These were the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy also, the Triple Entente of Britain, France and Russia. Additionally a few littler nations turned out to be by implication associated with the coalitions which viably partitioned Europe into two Armed Camps. Russia vowed to bolster Serbia so as to forestall further Austrian-Hungarian venture into the Balkans. Germany expressed its help for Austria-Hungary and Britain had given its help for Belgiums 2. lack of bias in 1839. Notwithstanding while these political and military partnerships existed there is no immediate proof to show that any country pronounced war on that premise. There had been a few emergency during the period 1905-1913. First the Moroccan emergency including France and Germany during 1905 and 1911. No wars eventuated as it were strains and fears with respect to Germanys forceful expansionist strategies. England bolstered France being engaged with Morocco and France yielded some region in the Congo to Germany. Second the 1908 Balkans emergency eventuated as a result of the breakdown of the Ottoman [Turkish] Empire. Austria-Hungary attached the areas of Bosnia-Herzegovina. Serbia was insensed and looked for Russian help. Germany got included and Russia threw in the towel. At last two wars created in the Balkans. The primary Balkan war [1912] was among Turkey and the Balkan League [Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece] with Turkey being driven out of the Balkans. The subsequent Balkan war [1913] happened among Bulgaria and Serbia/Greece. Winning this war reinforced Serbs position and this gave Austria-Hungary concern with respect to impact in the Balkans. The primary essentialness of the Balkan wars was the situation of Britain and France putting restriction on Russia and Germany controlling Austria-Hungary. This didn't occur with the July emergency of 1914 which brought about World War I. [Condron - The Making of the Modern World] Also the two Balkan wars brought about reestablished hostility among Bulgaria and the other Balkan states particularly Serbia and caused general disappointment in light of the fact that of the obstruction of the extraordinary powers in Balkan politics.[Grolier - World War I]. Proof supports that while the different occasions talked about didn't contribute legitimately to World War I they did to be sure add to extraordinary pressures and doubts between the incredible forces undoubtedly energized the weapons contest which as a result arranged countries for the complete calamity that was to follow the July emergency. The weapons contest which for the most part included Britain and Germany started in 1896 when Germany took the choice to essentially extend its naval force. This extraordinary rivalry which created made noteworthy pressures between countries. The power to grow was additionally filled following each significant emergency which created during the period 1905-1913. England solidified its situation towards Germany. The arms race likewise stretched out to different regions, for example, the development and modernization of armed forces. Proof proposes that because of the huge increment in consumption on naval forces and armed forces along with 3. transport and hardware Britain and the European countries were truth be told getting ready for a war that they knew would eventuate at some stage. Germany touched off the weapons contest with its expect to build up a naval force two thirds the size of Britains to secure the defenseless North Sea and potentially through the dread of circle however proof backings that Britain drove the weapons contest and along these lines this activity contributed fundamentally towards the bloodletting and obliteration that came about because of World War I. The death of Archduke, Franz Ferdinand, beneficiary to the seat of Austria-Hungary happened on the 28

Why Student Volunteering

Why Student Volunteering Why Student Volunteering? Considering getting involved in some student  volunteering at university? Go for it! University life is all about the  experiences  â€" or at least so we are told. While studying and partying may take up a lot of your time, making space for some voluntary work can really add value to your overall university experience.Here are my  top reasons  to get involved in student volunteering at university...See also:  Benefits of a volunteering gap year1. Make a differenceFirst and foremost, student volunteering is of course a great way to make a real contribution to a cause you feel strongly about. For some, choosing a cause or charity is the hard part, while others may already have one in mind. Look at the list of societies that are part of your university, and you’ll probably find all the big names already established there: Amnesty, Save the Children, Water Aid, Cancer Research and the list goes on.Consider what you feel most strongly about, whether it’s children, cancer, stroke, heart disease, animals, the environment, or something else. After this, look at the missi on statements of the charities that match what you’re empathetic about, read about what the society based at your university does, and if possible go and meet them to get a better idea.2. Have amazing new experiencesThe chance to participate in new experiences is a big part of the appeal of student volunteering, and the more involved you get, the greater a sense of satisfaction you’ll receive. You could find yourself standing outside a lecture hall with a bucket to fundraise, showing off your baking skills for a bake sale, doing a tandem sky-dive, running races, doing an epic bike ride, hosting a fashion show, competing in a dance off, building a well in a developing country... the list is endless.Volunteering can be as fun as you want to make it, and really caters to everyone. If you are an adrenalin junkie you can use that passion to sky-dive or climb a mountain, or if you’re a fashionista, be part of a fashion show to help your cause. You can always find something â€" and i f it doesn’t already exist, start it up yourself!3. Meet new peopleIt’s not just about the fundraising; volunteering also means getting to meet people with a similar passion. This is also a chance to learn a lot, because of the diversity of the people you’ll be working alongside â€" all bringing different perspectives, experiences and skills.If you’re  studying abroad, you may find you get a new perspective on both local and global causes, and a new desire to help. Having encountered a new culture may place you in a better position to do so, adding to your experience and knowledge.4. Boost your employment prospectsWhen you go for a job interview, having student volunteering work on your CV is always a bonus. No matter how what industry you’re applying to, employers always like to see part of your wider personality, and what you really care about. Most companies will support a charity or work towards charitable efforts in some way.Of course, if you want to enter the non-pro fit and charity sector, voluntary work would be absolutely essential for your CV, to show your commitment. This kind of experience can also be an avenue for getting  internships  â€" and in turn jobs.Benefits of a volunteering gap yearStudent clubs: A waste of time?How to maximise your employment potential

Global Acceptance Essay - 895 Words

Individuality is something we all strive for, so how is it that sometimes being different is regarded as a bad thing? Nowadays the society goes through a great deal of trouble to make sure that they do not resemble, dress or even speak alike someone else. Most of mankind accept and respect people who try so hard to be different. What about the people who don’t try to act different but who are merely born different, why does society regard them as abnormal? People suffering from mental and/or physical handicaps are always looked upon as being different in an awful way. Individuals should all be treated the same and have the right to human dignity. We are all the same and we all have our flaws and imperfections. Just because some people are†¦show more content†¦If anything she realizes that she needs to be more understanding and accepting towards them. Christopher Reeve, also referred to as the previous superman, had a sudden life alternating accident. He fell off a ho rse and he is now paralysed from the neck down and cannot breath on his own. After his injury, he was considered a handicap, however, this never changed his personality. His ability to love and his humour remained unaltered. In the end we all have flaws, so there is no reason why we should judge someone else for having their own imperfection. Seventy-five percent of the time, people suffering from any kind of handicap are excluded by regular folks. The society has to begin integrating them into the system in order to create a movement of acceptance towards them. It is unacceptable that the population just does not deal with individuals that require special needs, they rather just avoid them all together. As a result, the disabled are always left behind, never wanted, and often ridiculed. The ones that are not mentally challenged grow up to have an extremely low self esteem because of the lack of understanding in relation to them. On the other hand, those who do have mental disorder s simply don’t understand what is really going on around them. They could think they have friends but in the end they were just laughing and making fun of them, without their knowledge.Show MoreRelatedRules for Offer and Acceptance979 Words   |  4 PagesRules of Offer and Acceptance are applied to enforce an agreement by the law. This agreement is the first requisite of any contract of the business. In order to a contract come into being between parties, the offer is made by the offeror and the oferee accept that offer. In 21st century, there are rapid changes in business trend which create lots of new business model such as e-business and global business. The more business participates, the more requirements of Offer and Acceptance Rules to adapt toRead MoreQuestions On Department Of Law Essay2082 Words   |  9 PagesPaloschi (1) When forming a contract, the requirements of offer and acceptance have to be met. Offer; intimation of a willingness to enter a legally binding contract, is the first step to enter into an agreement. Additionally, the second requirement is acceptance, when the offeree must accept the offer. A fundamental requisite in order to establish and finalise an agreement is that offer and acceptance must correspond between the parties. Here, we encounter the intricacies of dealingRead MoreHow Technology Affects Consumer Behaviour?14761 Words   |  60 PagesTechnology Acceptance Model, Motivation Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, Innovation Diffusion Theory etc. Davis Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) predicts information technology acceptance and usage. In this model the user’s behavioral intention to use a technology is affected by their perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the technology. This model was originally developed for studying technology at work. Later it has been used as such or modified to study user acceptance of consumerRead MoreClimate change and society Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pagesand Society Second draft Name : Suen Ching Yi Student ID : 14101226D Topic : In considering solutions to the problem of global warming, state whether you agree with the statement by Tickell ((1996), in Houghton, Chapter 8 p.253) â€Å"Mostly we know what to do but we lack the will to do it†. Give reasoned arguments in support of your opinion. Global warming is the topic that increasingly occuipies the attention of world. Is it really happening? If so, how much of it is dueRead MoreConsumers Attitude Towards Green Practices in the Hotel Industry867 Words   |  4 PagesTierney et al., (2011), reveals that there exists a green skeptic where they believes that going green is not important and the global warming is not serious as claim by media. There were more than 39 per cent consumer are strongly agreed or agreed that government forces is the primary reasons the travel/tourism companies implies green practice. Consumer also believes that global warming problem is not serious as the media wants them to trust and said that green practice were done because of the publicRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects880 Words   |  4 PagesEver since the 1980’s Global Warming has been an intriguing topic among citizens, scientists and government officials. It’s ironic to think that only years earlier in the 1970’s the phenomenon was global cooling, now on a dime it suddenly shifted from intense glaciation to excessive carbon dioxide emissions that raise the temperature of the planet. A large number of influential scientists and engineers do not agree that drastic actions on global warming are necessary. This is simply just anotherRead MoreClimate Change and Public Policy Essay examples1503 Words   |  7 PagesIt is becoming increasingly certain that climate change will have severe adverse effects on the environment in years to come. Addressing this issue poses a serious challenge for policy makers. How we choose to respond to the threat of global warming is not simply a political issue. It is also an economic issue and an ethical one. Responsible, effective climate change policy requires consideration of a number of complex factors, including weighing the costs of implementing climate change policiesRead MoreEnvironment Friendly Lifestyle Products : An Analysis Of The Adoptio n Levels, Consumer Perceptions And Marketing Techniques1612 Words   |  7 Pagesof using such products in the long run? †¢ How can the manufacturer / marketer enhance consumer attraction and profitably market a climate smart product using conventional and unconventional marketing techniques for its increase in sales and wider acceptance? It has to be observed that climate all over the world is changing and the usage of conventional gadgets and products requiring higher energy and emitting green house gases are gradually affecting our environment. If there are alternate productsRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming1274 Words   |  6 PagesBefore continuing it is best to define some well known but often misunderstood terms, so confusion does not arise. Firstly, Climate Change and Global warming; You may hear these terms used interchangeably but for the purpose of this paper they are not and in fact the term global warming will be avoided where possible due to its definition being too narrow. Global warming speaks specifically of an â€Å"†¦increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to rising levels of greenhouse gases.† (http://wwwRead MoreGlobal Warming and Climate Change Essay1057 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming, much of what does or does not happen forty years from now rests on our actions or inactions taken between now and then. The crucial question is whether we should pour all our resources into mitigation – reducing our carbon emissions. According to scientists who study the climate there are other environmental problems; â€Å"we now face a global crises in land use and agriculture that could undermine the health, security, and sustainability of our civilization†. Rather than worry too much

IRS No Longer Sending Paper Tax Forms

They say the only things certain in life are death and taxes. That might be true. But the way you pay your taxes is certainly changing. Key Takeaways The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) officially stopped mailing annual tax return forms to individual taxpayers at the end of 2010.The IRS estimated at the time that the change would, in fact, save taxpayers over $10 million a year in printing, postage, and processing costs.Paper tax forms and instructions can still be ordered from the IRS or picked up at local IRS assistance centers or participating post offices and public libraries.Electronic filing or â€Å"efiling† is now the predominant method of filing tax returns, with over 56 million taxpayers having prepared and efiled their federal tax returns since the IRS stopped mailing paper tax forms in 2011 The Internal Revenue Service announced that it will no longer mail out paper tax forms to Americans, effective 2011. The move is designed to save everyones favorite government agency a little cash - about $10 million a year. With the continued growth in electronic filing and to help reduce costs, the IRS will no longer mail paper tax packages that typically arrive in January of each year, the agency said in a postcard mailed to taxpayers. The IRS will save money by not having to print and mail the thick, 44-page packet of information, tax tables and Form 1040s. If you dont want to file electronically, here are your options for getting paper tax forms: Log onto IRS.gov, where you can download and print the latest tax forms.Drop by your local IRS Taxpayer Assistance Center.Go to your local post office or library if they participate in the federal tax products program.After Jan. 1, you can also dial the IRS toll-free hotline and ask them to mail you the paperwork. The number is (800) 829-3676. The IRS has been encouraging taxpayers to file electronically for years. About 96 million taxpayers filed electronically in 2010, and another 20 million submitted their forms to the IRS through professional tax preparers, according to the agency. By comparison, only about 11.5 million taxpayers who filed paper tax forms had received them in the mail. Electronic Filing Now Dominates Figures released by the IRS in 2019 show that the agency’s 2011 decision to â€Å"go paperless† was a wise and popular one. According to the IRS, the number of tax returns that are filed electronically—efiled—has grown every year since. By the end of May 2019, for example, more than 127,939,000 million tax returns for Tax Year 2018 had been efiled. Taxpayers who self-prepare and efile their own tax returns have continued to grow. In 2019 (for Tax Year 2018), over 56,214,000 million taxpayers have prepared and efiled their federal tax returns themselves as of May 2019. In addition, as of May 2019, over 86,965,000 million taxpayers had received faster federal tax refunds via direct bank deposits into bank accounts through electronic bank transfers (EBT). The average tax refund received by direct deposit was $2,868. The option to file tax returns electronically has actually been around for 25 years. The practice of efiling began in 1986 as a small test program in 1968, when only 5 tax IRS-selected tax preparers from Cincinnati, Raleigh Durham, and Phoenix agreed to participate. Since then, efile has grown to become commonplace, serving millions of taxpayers every year. Updated by Robert Longley

Toni Morrisons Beloved - Symbol and Symbolism of Color Essay

The symbolic Use of Color in Belovednbsp;nbsp; In the novel, Beloved, Toni Morrison uses color to show the reactions of some of the main characters. Color represents many things in the book. Freedom is an example because once the slaves were free, they noticed the beautiful colors all over. They see that the world is not just black and white and two different races, there are many beautiful things that were unnoticed. When Baby Suggs was free, she was able to spread happiness and joy to the community. When the community did not accept that, she fell into depression, but still enjoys freedom, in a different way, more by herself than with others. It was when she wanted to see bright colors. She loved color. In his journey to the†¦show more content†¦Even though she is depressed, and on her deathbed, she used the rest of her energy to enjoy her own freedom. She celebrated with her community and this is the time for herself. The brightest color in Baby Suggs room is the two orange patches on her blanket. She was â€Å"starv ed for color† (38) in her room. The orange patches were very vibrant in the room; it was the only color that Baby Suggs noticed.nbsp; Bright, vibrant colors are what made Baby Suggs’s last days of her free life so memorable. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Paul D. was just starting his new freedom. His journey to the North from the South provided him with the most important experience of his life. He hid and received advice from many helpers. He was told by Cherokees to â€Å"follow the tree flowers† (119) to get to the North. Flowers are known to be beautiful and colorful objects. As Paul D treks to the North, he is following the flowers to his freedom. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Red is a very intense color in the book. It represents death, blood, and evil. When Paul D. arrives at 124 he walked â€Å".... straight into a pool of red and undulating light that locked him where he stood† (8).nbsp; He immediately asked Sethe what kind of evil is in the house.nbsp; That was the first sign of warning Paul D. receives from the house of 124. Paul D. did not understand the warning at first. Morrison described it as, â€Å"as he stepped through the red light he knew that, compared to 124, the rest ofShow MoreRelated Color as a Symbol and Symbolism in Toni Morrisons Beloved Essay1844 Words   |  8 PagesUse of Color as a Symbol in Beloved  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In Beloved, Toni Morrison portrays the barbarity and cruelty of slavery. She emphasizes the African American’s desire for a new life as they try to escape their past while claiming their freedom and creating a sense of community.   In Beloved, Much of the characters’ pain occurs as they reconstruct themselves, their families, and their communities after the devastation of slavery (Kubitschek 115). Throughout the novel, Morrison uses color to symbolicallyRead MoreRacism And Discrimination On African Americans1210 Words   |  5 Pagesher frequent use of symbolism.2 In The Bluest Eye, an extremely important symbol is blue eyes (Crayton 73). Blue eyes are used to symbolize racially based beauty standards and the power associated with whiteness (â€Å"Bluest† LitCharts). In the novel, society believes that if a person does not have white skin, he or she is not beautiful. Pecola Breedlove falls victim to this widespread belief and longs to possess blue eyes. In her world, blue eyes are far more than a simple eye color. They are beauty.Read More The Importance of Color in Toni Morrisons Beloved Essay1886 Words   |  8 PagesThe Importance of Color in Toni Morrisons Beloved      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Toni Morrisons Beloved - a novel that addresses the cruelties that result from slavery.   Morrison depicts the African Americans quest for a new life while showing the difficult task of escaping the past.   The African American simply wants to claim freedom and create a sense of community.   In Beloved, the characters suffer not from slavery itself, but as a result of slavery - that is to say the pain occurs as they reconstruct themselvesRead MoreLiterary Elements Of Maya Angelou1976 Words   |  8 PagesAngelou and Toni Morrison Maya Angelou was born on April 4, 1928, in St. Louis, Missouri. She was a writer and civil rights activist best known for her 1969 memoir, â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.† As a young child Angelou witnessed her parents’ divorce and she and her brother were sent to live with their grandmother in Stamps, Arkansas. While in Arkansas, she constantly experienced racism and discrimination, and she was able to translate the emotions that she felt, into her works. Toni MorrisonRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved1200 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"We’ve all got both light and dark inside of us. What matters is the part we choose to act on (Sirius Black) †. Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved dedicates her novel to the 60 million and more exposed to the darkness within the people set out to hurt them. The novel depicts how cruelty leads ex-slaves to make irrational decisions and shape the people they are at the end . The cruelty inflicted on one including but not limited to slavery causes a chain reaction of hatred, pain and suffering and theRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved1200 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"We’ve all got both light and dark inside of us. What matters is the part we choose to act on (Sirius Black) †. Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved dedicates her novel to the 60 million and more exposed to the darkness within the people set out to hurt them. The novel depicts how cruelty leads ex-slaves to make irrational decisions and shape the people they are at the end . The cruelty inflicted on one including but not limited to slavery causes a chain reaction of hatred, pain and suffering and the cycleRead MoreEssay on The Song of Solomon2983 Words   |  12 Pages Book Title Song of Solomon Author Toni Morrison Summary The first black boy ever born in Mercy Hospital in a town in Michigan comes into the world the day after an insurance agent named Robert Smith kills himself by trying to â€Å"fly† from the roof of the hospital across Lake Superior. The boys mother, Ruth, nurses him until he is eight or nine years old, thus earning him the ridiculous nickname Milkman. Milkman befriends an older boy named Guitar, visits his Aunt Pilate, and falls in love withRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 Pagesconversation, he refers to her as Granny, as the other characters do, all of whom are unwilling to look beyond Phoenixs age and see her as an individual. Phoenix Jackson Old Phoenix Jackson is the protagonist of the story. She is described in vivid colors, suggesting her lively nature: she wears a red rag in her hair and her skin is described as yellow, golden and copper. Her age is indicated by the way she moves—slowly, in small steps, with the assistance of a cane—and by the wrinkles on herRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 Pagesconversation, he refers to her as Granny, as the other characters do, all of whom are unwilling to look beyond Phoenixs age and see her as an individual. Phoenix Jackson Old Phoenix Jackson is the protagonist of the story. She is described in vivid colors, suggesting her lively nature: she wears a red rag in her hair and her skin is described as yellow, golden and copper. Her age is indicated by the way she moves—slowly, in small steps, with the assistance of a cane—and by the wrinkles on her

Strategic Management Management

Question: Explain Strategic Management. Answer: Introduction Oil is a major component of the energy sector. The oil price dropped drastically during the last half of the 2014 and as a result of this the stock price of the energy sector declined by 35% (Fitzgibbon, Kloskowska and Martin 2015). The fall in oil price has created lower level of profit and lower level of investment for the project. During the 8th month of 2014, the price of barrel was $100 per barrel for West Texas Intermediate and it has fallen to $50 per barrel by March, 2015. The price of oil has been dropped by 60% since 2014 to 2016. This drop was quite huge. This hinders operations of many firms in this industry and many projects got cancelled during this time (Tim Bowler 2015). The usage of drilling rigs in US declined from 980 in last quarter of 2014 to 954 in middle of April 2015 (Lv and Spigarelli 2015). This number is likely to decline further as some of the ongoing drilling commitment is soon to be completed. Therefore, the OPEC countries reduced their spending in the e xploration of natural gas and oil (Fich, Nguyen and Officer 2015). The firms in the energy sector uses Merger and Acquisition to cope up with the problems. Through this kind of strategies, the energy sector tries to stabilize and improve position by accessing new market; more resource and advanced technology. In this report, the paper will analyze the Merger and Acquisition strategy during oil price decline during 2014 to 2016. The challenges and benefits of M A within the energy sector will be discussed. Critical analysis The drop in oil price started to affect M A strategy and the buying and selling of assets by the companies of energy sector. The Middle East focused on international diversification strategy and long-term investment regionally. Out of deals worth 3 trillion US dollar in 2015, major deals were made between the companies of energy sector. However, the M A deals were less in 2015 than 2014, the amount of deal among the companies were significant. Many studies have found that in spite of the fall in the oil price, the companies will spend on project in the oil and gas sector because of long term strategic importance (Raice 2014). Many surveys predicted that the spending in project will increase during 2015. The companies that emphasized on traditional non-renewable energy and renewable energy were victim to the rapid change of this industry (Yoo, Lee and Heo 2013). The announced mergers of energy sector, mainly in the oil and gas sector was amounted to 323 Billion USD. This sector was third most important sector for M A strategies to be implemented. Among many other oil producing countries, the most of the merger and acquisition takes place in US. The M A accounted for 159.6 billion US Dollar in US during first three quarter of 2015. In this period, some of the mega merger deals revived and this was the striking feature under this scenario where stock price of energy sector was declined significantly (Ng and Donker 2013). The deals in this sector understood the position of the market and synergies played vital role in enhancing the activities in this sector. While possibility of a short term and low oil price environment continued through 2014, the adaptability of this situation started to grow over 2015. In 2015, the only big deal was between BG Group Plc and Royal Dutch Shell Plc, which worth $70billion. Here, deals of upstream moved towards assets. The other deals were between William Companies Plc and Energy Transfer Equity and between Energy Transfer Partner and Regency Energy Partners. Out of 349 acquiring and merging activities in the energy sector, 48% accounted for 500 million US dollar. In United States, the acquisition by WPX, Noble, Vangard and Exxon has been made in the Shale plays. Vedanta in India and Sequa in Norway and BPs interest in the Siberian Project led to international purchases. However, the deals were different in terms of numbers and value engaged in it. The two US yield companies, TerraForm Global and TerraForm Power was sponsored by Sun Edison. Sun Edison was the leader in the acquisition and was the leader o f the portfolios from Vivint Solar; Renova Energis; Globaleq Mesoamerica Energy; Firstwind and Atlantic Power (Ptri et al. 2014). The two crucial acquisitions of gas utility in US was the acquisition of Southern Companies takeover of AGL Resources and Black Hills of Source Gas that operates controlled natural gas utilities. The continuous activity M A activity gained momentum during the decline in the energy sector, because; the buyers wait for further fall in the oil price and producers wait for price to increase. The OPEC did not cut down its output due to fall in the price of the product. The reason behind such small and big deals was to find a method of escaping the market turbulence. The companies have taken these approaches in order to address the cost of production of energy sector and cash flow pressures faced by the company. To raise the cash flow of the company and improve financial position many companies in the energy sector sold their highly valued assets. However, some of the companies do not prefer to sell their assets as the price is too low. This has caused downturn of the players; cost cutting. The capital venture started to delay in order to delay cash. 90% of firms in this sector believe that merger and acquisition will rise by 2016. Due to lower price of crude oil, the prices of other commodity also decline (Deloitte Nigeria 2014). As a result of this low price of commodity, the energy sectors value of assets also declined. This has made merger and acquisition so favourable to the companies. The expansion deals of petrochemical plant between Shell and Saudi Basic Industries and Qatar and Royal Dutch Shell got cancelled because, both buyers and sellers were less confident due to volatility in the atmosphere (Saadi 2015). They perceived that the expectation may become worse instead of having anything better. The sellers think that prices are at its lowest and buyers expect further decline and do not prefer to pay much. Academic Models Five Stage Model of Merger and Acquisition: The initial stage of Merger Acquisition model is the corporate strategy evolution. The firms developed the objectives of the M A strategy. This assists to maximize the portfolio of the running business and to manipulate the interest of the stakeholders. The following phase includes organizing for acquisition. The firms prepare itself for effective acquisition by acknowledging value creation logic that can be acquired through acquisition. This results into post-integration success. In the next phase, firms go through deal structuring and negotiations. In this phase, firms prepare themselves for negotiation bids to takeover other firms. This involves, developing defence strategy; selecting negotiation parameter and choosing advisor (Hansen, Foldmand Hansen 2014). In the following stage, post-acquisition integration the functioning of the operations are included. In this phase, the post-merger valuation is evaluated and delivered. The four kinds of post-acquisition integrations are: p revention; holding company; symbiosis and absorption. The five stage model ends with post-acquisition audit and organizational learning. The companies who are eager to develop in order to attain success in the M A process, it is necessary for them to acquire core competence and proficient in it (Karniouchina et al. 2013). Proper strategy implementation and with capabilities, the firms learn how to attain success efficiently and apply further strategies in an effective manner. This model reflects how different process is implemented in the merger and acquisition in the energy sector. SWOT Analysis The internal and external factors influencing the M A strategy in the energy industry can be analyzed through Strength -Weakness- Opportunity- Threat analysis. Strength Weakness: The primary motivation behind M A is the economies of scale. This is the main operating synergies of the merging planners. The smaller firms are more benefitted by the M A strategy as they can enjoy significantly low cost of production. This is the foremost strength of this policy. The major internal weakness of this strategy is that M A strategy involves huge investment. Therefore, by huge cash the acquisition is possible. Managers with less opportunity may use the cash flow in the unprofitable merging venture. The managers with great cash flow may try to destroy the value generated in the M A process. Extra amount of cash held by the companies of energy sector often hinders the long term investment like exploration. Opportunity Threats: The firms face the gap between the capacity of production. As a result of this, the values of the assets reduce. Therefore, there will be a decline in the return to capital that has been already invested. The firms with excess capacity find resources in order to resolved the issues. This is the opportunity for the firm to enjoy the benefits of excess capacity (Kolk, Lindeque, and Buuse 2013). In addition to this, the focus of the corporate and opportunity of market control is a inducing factor of the M A strategy. The threat of this strategy is that the plan of the energy sector may fail due to poorly managed resources. Moreover, deregulation in the energy sector might change the scenario, as there is modification in the industrial structure. The competition may tend to vary after implementation of M A strategy. This is a threat of this strategy as it leads to overestimation or underestimation about the value generation. Benefits and Challenges of Merger and Acquisition By the term Merger, it is meant that firms are operating together as a single entity. In this process the merged firm will have large share of market with lower level of competition. These firms enjoy large economies of scale. This would enable the firm to lowering the average cost of production and this would also enable the firms to charge lower price to the customers. This strategy also helps in competing in the global market and helps in challenging the rivals. This also increases value of the company by improving revenue generation. Since merging brings the firms together, the values of the shareholders are also greater in the new company. Therefore, as a whole merger will bring more profits but this is a risky venture. Merger improves the quality of goods. In energy sector, merging requires huge investment; hence, it is risky but highly profitable. The redundancy is eradicated with greater amount of efficiency. This strategy safeguards the company from shutting down. Those firm s struggle to stay alive due to drastic fall in the oil price, they consider merging as a convenient options. During drop in the oil price, the firm acquisitions of the big companies increase their market power and sell the good at the competitive rate. The acquisition involves buying distributor; acquiring the business; supplier and even the competitors. Acquisition removes the entry barrier in the energy sector. The firms are able to access more resources. The collaboration like acquisition offers lower risk than developing or investing in new product, as risk associated with new techniques of managing financial risks is less due to acquisition strategy (Cartwright and Cooper 2012). Developing completely new product has more probability of failure. Acquisition is of more beneficial when acquisition is more related, i.e. product of similar category or related to same supply chain. The competitive scope increases with dependency of the firm. When the companies are struggling with market related problems, like fall in oil price, then to cope with the situation acquisition is beneficial. The s trong company purchases the weak one and the new firm is considered to be more efficient in terms of cost. Acquisition by parent company combines with other one, which in turn increases scale of operations. Acquired firm can have more market share and attain more competitiveness than the weaker situation of the firms before acquisition. The synergies between the firms of the energy sector enable more improvement within the firm then their separated counterpart. Acquisition allows sharing of management expertise of the oil and gas sector. These firms have more access to stronger financial base and capital resource base. However, with innumerable benefits, merger also faces some challenges. Merging needs to follow some legal formalities that are quite long process. Differences in the culture of firms are one of the major drawbacks. The consumers also have less choice of products due to merger and acquisition. When the acquisition is aggressive in nature, this tends to retrenchment of unproductive labour. Due to this situation, the retained workers also fear of losing job, which distract them from their performance. Acquisition also reduces the competition from the market as new firms attain monopoly power over price. The objectives of the associated firms may cause conflict as they are different in nature. Merging also takes huge costs that increase debt of the firms. Debt is not good for the firms. The firms fell into financial struggle. This in turn reduces the credit rating of the firms (Shimizu 2012). Moreover, firms before M A already have strong customer base. The newly merged firms may not fu rther create further market for sales. M A can be failed due to several reasons, for example, over expectation about the expansion; companies engage in huge over investment. Ineffectiveness of the administration eradicates advantageous prospects of the M A strategy (Kamiński 2014). Acquisition is also suffers from integration difficulty. The targets of the firms of the energy sector are not evaluated adequately. When potential firm evaluates target firm, due to overestimation, the company might pay high premium for the target firm. It is very likely that the firm underestimates the costs and overestimates the synergy. In the oil and gas sector, the diversification leads to low performance. The alliance firms may have conflict of interest among them. Personal motive of any of the firm may lead to failure of this strategy. The lack of motivation behind M A activities resulted into wrong target firm selection. The status of economy due to significant decline in the oil pr ice, merged or acquired firms encounters difficult challenges in operating successfully. Conclusion The perpetual fall in the oil price since 2014, leads to fall in revenue in the energy sector. As a result of this, the companies under this industry involved them in the merger and acquisition. This report discussed about the scenario of the energy sector in the recent years. It has mentioned how the energy companies have been facing challenges due to decline in oil price and involvement in the M A process. Two academic models have been discussed in the above section; such as, Five stage model of Merger Acquisition and SWOT analysis of the industry. The paper also identified benefits and drawbacks of the M A strategy. Some of the examples of current merger and acquisition has also been mentioned in this report. References Cartwright, S. and Cooper, C.L., 2012.Managing Mergers Acquisitions and Strategic Alliances. Routledge. Deloitte Nigeria. 2014. Crude awakening: The impact of plummeting crude oil prices on company finances. [online] Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/ng/en/pages/energy-and-resources/articles/crude-awakening-the-impact-of-plummeting-crude-oil-prices-on-company-finances.html [Accessed 26 Jun. 2016]. Fich, E.M., Nguyen, T. and Officer, M.S., 2015, March. Large wealth creation in mergers and acquisitions. InAFA 2013 San Diego Meetings Paper. Fitzgibbon, T., Kloskowska, A. and Martin, A. (2015). Impact of low crude prices on refining. [online] Mckinseyenergyinsights.com. Available at: https://www.mckinseyenergyinsights.com/insights/impact-of-low-crude-prices-on-refining.aspx [Accessed 26 Jun. 2016]. Hansen, U.E., Fold, N. and Hansen, T., 2014. Upgrading to lead firm position via international acquisition: learning from the global biomass power plant industry.Journal of Economic Geography, p.lbu050. Kamiński, J., 2014. A blocked takeover in the Polish power sector: A model-based analysis.Energy Policy,66, pp.42-52. Karniouchina, E.V., Carson, S.J., Short, J.C. and Ketchen, D.J., 2013. Extending the firm vs. industry debate: Does industry life cycle stage matter?.Strategic management journal,34(8), pp.1010-1018. Kolk, A., Lindeque, J. and Buuse, D.V.D., 2013. Regionalization strategies of EU electric utilities.British Journal of Management. Lv, P. and Spigarelli, F., 2015. The integration of Chinese and European renewable energy markets: The role of Chinese foreign direct investments.Energy policy,81, pp.14-26. Ng, A. and Donker, H., 2013. Purchasing reserves and commodity market timing as takeover motives in the oil and gas industry.Energy Economics,37, pp.167-181. Ptri, S., Arminen, H., Tuppura, A. and Jantunen, A., 2014. Competitive and responsible? The relationship between corporate social and financial performance in the energy sector.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,37, pp.142-154. Raice, J. (2014). Will Cheap Oil Lead to Big Mergers?. [online] WSJ. Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/will-cheap-oil-lead-to-big-mergers-1417750974 [Accessed 26 Jun. 2016]. Saadi, D. (2015). Qatar Petroleum and Shell pull out of $6.4bn Al Karaana project as oil price slides | The National. [online] Thenational.ae. Available at: https://www.thenational.ae/business/energy/qatar-petroleum-and-shell-pull-out-of-64bn-al-karaana-project-as-oil-price-slides [Accessed 26 Jun. 2016]. Shimizu, K. (2012).The cores of strategic management. New York: Routledge. Tim Bowler, T. (2015). Falling oil prices: Who are the winners and losers? - BBC News. [online] BBC News. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-29643612 [Accessed 26 Jun. 2016]. Yoo, K., Lee, Y. and Heo, E., 2013. Economic effects by merger and acquisition types in the renewable energy sector: An event study approach.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,26, pp.694-701.

Quality Teaching

Abstract Educational institutes in New South Wales have embarked on a quest to make gradual improvements since the adoption of the Quality Teaching model. While this progress has been markedly slow because of the many changes required for each institute to achieve effective results, it has been consistent.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Teaching specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even so, schools and other institutions of learning need to increase the pace of change on a district level so as validate the continued use of the model. This can only be achieved if the district education body reassesses key features of Quality teaching model in all schools. Background Analysis Education is a fundamental requirement for the development and ultimate advancement of the community and educators and policy makers are constantly looking for educational structure and practices that will increase the effectiveness of th e education system. The New South Wales (NSW) Department of Education and Training (2003) asserts that a core directive of the Department of Education and Training is to make sure that state and nation wide policies on education are successfully implemented. The Quality Teaching model is one of such policies that the Department of Education and Training is mandated to adapt throughout its jurisdiction. This policy has led to academic progress and improvements in student performance across NSW since it was formally endorsed. However, these level of improvement has been lower than it was projected to be. These low success rates might be attributed to the previous attitude of encouraging teachers and school administrates to implement their own version of principles and guidelines of the Quality Teaching model. A number of noticeable reasons are to blame for the slow development and improvement of the pedagogy proposed through the Quality Teaching model. Anderson and Helms (2001) assert that the three defining principles of the model; intellectual quality, quality learning environment and significance, faced some form of opposition in their implementation within the district. The biggest hindrance faced in the implementation has been budgetary constraints in most schools. Inequitable financing of educational institutes as the District and National levels have led to unequal distribution of resources across school districts. Without equity, it is impossible for most institutes to set aside the financial resources required to implement this new model.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Federal and State government aspires to provide equitable financing to each educational institute. However, this noble goal is seldom met and the reality is that some institutes receive modest finances while others have a surplus. King (2002) observes that this has a direct influence o n the ability of the institute to provide quality education to the students. The last decade has witnessed significant changes in the education field with computers and modern learning equipments becoming central to the learning efforts of students. The District bodies have been unable to conclusively supply institutes with this expensive modern equipment therefore deposing the district bodies from their traditional role as major financier to educational institutions. Charity organization, corporate sponsors, and philanthropists have taken up the role of major financier. Martinez (2004) points out that this private funding has led to intense competition and disunity as teachers from different schools fight to obtain sufficient financing from these new benefactors. This occurrence has mitigated the effectiveness of the Quality Teaching model as finances play an integral role in the success of the model. Failure to adopt a successful teaching model has led to lowered performances in p ublic schools. This has led to dissatisfaction among many parents who have turned to private schools in the hope that these privately funded institutes will provide better quality education. Gore and Ladwig (2006) suggest that the presumption that private schools are better equipped to provide quality education is misguided surplus finances do not equate to better delivery on all the elements of Authentic Pedagogy and the Quality Teaching Model. As such, availability of adequate financial resources does not necessary translate to quality teaching. The attitude of all the relevant parties in the educational system significantly influences the success of the teaching model.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Teaching specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These relevant parties include teachers, students, school administrators and regional and national education bodies. Teachers are regarded as the most significant actors since they are relied on to impart knowledge to the students. Their role is therefore critical to the success or failure of any quality teaching process since they are the ones who implement the Quality Teaching model. Teachers do not hold a uniform attitude regarding the model and their outlook is influenced by factors such as cultural ideologies and social predispositions (Martinez, 2004). Teachers generally enjoy a modest social economic status and this inclines them to believe that certain goals and intentions are beyond one’s natural capability. Lee and Smith (2001) observe that teachers find it hard to make the constant changes in educational practices necessitated by current social circumstances. While such changes would greatly enhance the quality of teaching and positively influence student performance, the changes require significant financing and maintenance. The financial requirements of the changes are unattainable even for the wealthiest nations. Changes are proposed regularly and this this makes many students and teachers loss interest in the many incomplete efforts proposed all the time (Groundwater-Smith Hunter, 2000). Teachers also feel an extra burden since they are forced to fulfil responsibilities that are alien to their training. The Regulatory Commission for Authentic Pedagogy under the Quality Teaching model Steps need to be taken to deal with the shortcomings of the current implementation of the Quality Teaching Model in NSW. One method which might assist is the establishment of a regulatory body by the Department of Education and Training. Such a body would be responsible for formulating a sustainable system that addresses the issues that plague the current Quality Teaching implementation. The body would liaison between the Department and School administrations to identify teacher and student issues that need to be addressed. The body would provide students with an avenue to air their views or grievances concerning the ir education. Anderson and Helms (2001) suggests that such an avenue would be beneficial for students who prefer to air their views concerning the education process to an independent third party. Agents in the regulatory body would also play a supervisory role thus ensuring that all parties fulfil their mandated roles and responsibilities.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The financial requirements of the proposed regulatory body would be significant. Government and State authorities would need to provide these finances. It would therefore be desirable for the body to fulfil its goals within a reasonable period of time to save the government from high maintenance expenses. NSW has 760,000 students and 2200 public schools making it the State with the highest student and public schools population in Australia (NSW Department of Education and Training, 2003). An average of 350 students would be served in each institute if the number of students was evenly spread out across the available schools. If each teacher was is responsible for a maximum of 30 students, less than 20 teachers would be required for each institution. Combined with administrative and non-administrative staff, the number of non-student population would be between 30 and 40 adults. Regulatory agents would be tasked with supervising and interviewing this non-student population in schools . From this, they would be able to deduce their effect on the overall academic achievement of students. It is to be expected that the non-student staff will be greater or less than the estimates provided since students are not equally distributed across public schools in NSW. In addition to this, Lee and Smith (2001) assert that education institutions for special needs students require the different pedagogical principles to regular institutes. At the same time, regular institutions applying self-contained or inclusive classrooms to cater for special needs students require the same, if not more, attention in the delivery of Quality Teaching goals. The commission will therefore be made up of agents who will invigilate progress in predefined sectors of NSW. Feedback is essential in any monitoring efforts and as such, the regulatory division will have a feedback department. The feedback will be obtained from teachers, administrators and students. All additional policies or amendments t o policies concerning Quality Teaching will be instigated from the division making it a centre for changes and the chief source of resources concerning Quality Teaching for schoolteachers. King (2002) suggests that consistent monitoring is necessary for any significant gains to be achieved. With this considerations, each agent will have to regularly assess all institutions within his/her jurisdiction and interview all the relevant parties in order to access if the Quality Teaching model is being implemented effectively. While attention will be given to all the relevant parties, focus will predominantly be on the students since they are the people who the model hopes to impact. Regular interviews will therefore be conducted with students and a focus group established to help gauge the students’ attitudes towards schoolwork, teachers, administration and non-teaching staff. The agent will also interview teaching and non-teaching staff who interact with the students. By interview ing teachers, the agent will gauge their attitude towards the Quality Teaching model. Groundwater-Smith and Hunter (2000) observe that the interviews will also help in giving a better understanding of what each teacher perceives quality teaching to mean under this model. From the findings of the interviews, teachers who are under-informed will be required to attend Quality Teaching seminars in order to inform them on what constitutes quality teaching under this framework. Administration heads will be consulted before recommending mandatory seminars to ensure that their authority is not undermined. An important question will be with regards to who makes up the regulatory agency staff. King (2002) proposes that pedagogy experts from universities and seasoned policymakers on educational matters are the best candidates. Such professionals will be best placed to design and redesign the application of Quality Teaching in public schools in order to increase the rate of effective implementa tion through seamless adaptation and assimilation. The current move towards Quality Teaching in NSW is grounded in studies done by veterans such as Newmann and Griffiths (King, 2002). These seasoned academic researchers would be the most qualified to run the regulatory commission and handle any difficulties that may arise in the implementation process of the Quality Teaching Model. Uniform adoption of the new policies would be desirable and as such, meetings between the commission’s heads and regulatory agents would be necessary. Such meetings would ensure that all public institutes in NSW integrate Quality Learning in their institutes at the same pace regardless of factors such as school population or socio-economic realities of each institute (Anderson Helms, 2001). As has been noted, some teachers would require additional training in order to properly adopt the Quality Teaching principles in their classrooms. The commission’s heads will be in-charge of these mandat ory re-education seminars. Martinez (2004) reveals that there is a great possibility that most of the teachers who will require re-education will be career teachers who have been in the job for long. Such senior teachers with experience of over ten years will have developed personalized teaching techniques and most likely have reputations amongst their peers and the students. Proposed changes that such teachers consider unproductive or flawed will be ignored. Gore and Ladwig (2006) see the rationale behind such action and concur that experience offers insight into areas within Quality Teaching that require more analysis and evaluation. Even so, experience is not synonymous with perfection and even the most experienced person can learn better ways of doing things. The commissioners will therefore have to face the challenge of convincing these veteran teachers that the Quality Teaching model is a pedagogical framework that will bring about teacher satisfaction and improve the learning experience for the students. The commissioners will use regular regional meetings as avenues for obtaining feedback from teachers. Such feedback will include suggestions on how the three tenets of Quality Teaching can be better adapted. Such meetings will ensure that the role of enforcement is passed on to the teachers. Without such an approach, the regulatory commission would have to force the framework upon teachers and this would lead to resistance and even resentment. In these approach, the primary role of the commissioners and regulatory agents will be to obtain support for the framework from teachers. Groundwater-Smith (1999) forecasts that ingraining the pedagogical framework into all teachers will lead to teachers implementing it autonomously therefore leading to the desirable outcome, which is rendering the work of the commission obsolete. The administrative hierarchy will have the regulatory agents at the bottom and the regulation commission and schools’ senior adm inistrators at the top. The agents will conduct the actual regulation and report to the commissioners and school heads. The agents would also involve the school administration to help coordinate in activities that affect the particular school. Even so, the agents would have autonomy during evaluations to ensure that an independent and impartial report is obtained. The school’s administration would be isolated from evaluation efforts in order for valid claims to be made by teachers and students. The administration will have representation during focus group interviews or individual interviews with students and staff. However, the representatives role will be strictly that of an observer. Analysis of the Potential Impact on the Quality Teaching framework The agent’s attention shall mostly be directed towards the student body, teaching and non-teaching staff. These groups individually influence the three tenets of Quality Teaching in a profound manner. The Student bodyâ⠂¬â„¢s acceptance of the model will occur if they are able to find relevance in the subject matter. Effective learning will only able to occur if the teacher is able to identify areas of interest for the students and focus on them. The agent will be tasked with identifying where the interests of the different students lies notwithstanding the differences in culture and socio-economic status that the students might have. This will not be an impossible task since there is a fusion in some of the basic interests of students in NSW state due to the co-existence of different cultures and social classes in the same environment (Groundwater-Smith Hunter, 2000). An in-depth understanding of student interests and desires would assist in increasing the efficiency of the teaching methods employed by making the lesson more engaging for the students. For a teacher to perform his role effectively, he needs to be well informed since the students should ideally view him as the primary purveyor of information. While it was easy for the teacher to be the primary source of information in the past, this is no longer the case since information technology systems have made an infinite amount of knowledge and data available to the students. Technology savvy students are able to challenge tutors with complicated information obtained from the internet. Teachers are at times unable to keep up with the student’s pace for information desire. The first tenet of the Quality Teaching Model is intellectual quality and it insists on the teacher possessing a large knowledge base in order to remain significant and intellectually respected by their students (NSW Department of Education and Training, 2003). Inability to maintain intellectual quality will diminish the effectiveness of the teacher. The non-teaching staff plays an integral role in the education institute. Their role in maintaining a healthy and adequate learning environment is constantly undervalued despite it being very imp ortant since teachers and school administrations can only provide a classroom-learning environment but they cannot effectively control the external environment that the non-teaching staff takes care of. While regulations for the control of substance use exist, they are very inadequate (Corwin et al., 1975). The non-teaching staff takes care of the environment therefore providing a conducive atmosphere for students and teachers alike. Greater sensitivity to the role that non-teachings staff play in enhancing the learning environment is required since they are necessary elements in the school environment. References Anderson, R. D., Helms, J. V. (2001). The Ideal of Standards and the Reality of Schools: Needed Research. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 38 (1), 3-16. Corwin, R., Heffernan, P., Johnston, R., Remy, M., Roberts, J., Tyler, D. (1975). Environmental Impact Assessment. San Francisco: Freeman, Cooper Company. Gore, J. M., Ladwig, J. G. (2006). Professional Develop ment for Pedagogical Impact. Paper presented at the Australian Association for Research in Education Annual Conference, Perth. Groundwater-Smith, S. (1999). Students as Researchers and the ‘Why’ Question. Paper presented to the British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, Brighton. Groundwater-Smith, S., Hunter, J. (2000). Whole School Inquiry: Evidence-based Practice. Journal of In-Service Education, 26 (3), 583-600. King, M.B. (2002). Professional Development to Promote School-wide Inquiry. Teaching and Teacher Education, 18(1), 243-257. Lee, V.E., Smith, J.B. (2001). Restructuring High School for Equity and Excellence. New York: Teachers College Press. Martinez, K. (2004). Mentoring New Teachers: Promise and Problems in times of Teacher Shortage. Australian Journal of Education, 48 (1), 95-108. NSW Department of Education and Training. (2003). Quality Teaching in NSW public schools: A classroom practice guide. Sydney: NSW Department of Education and Training, Professional Support and Curriculum Directorate This essay on Quality Teaching was written and submitted by user Isai Hardin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Luther vs. Calvin essays

Luther vs. Calvin essays During the second half of the sixteenth century, a series of religious reformations broke out in Central Europe. Many people began to have different views on the Holy Roman Catholic Church, especially on the subjects of political authority and social order. Two important leaders of this time rose to show their beliefs within Gods society and world, and they guided the way for others. These two men were Martin Luther and John Calvin. Martin Luther was born on November 10, 1483 in Eisleben, Germany. He was raised on an above average education, but instead of studying law, Luther became a priest in 1507 for the Holy Roman Catholic Church. But some time within those years of Holy service, Luther found himself getting angry with the traditional ways of thinking. His questions challenged the structure of the church and its moral values. With the sales of indulgences, along with other problems of the Catholic Church, Luther was set off to lead a reform of his own. One of Luthers main concerns was political authority. Could the church councils make mistakes? He felt that what the Roman Catholic Church said and did was no always so holy. The sales of indulgences were acts of showing what is more important to the authorities of the church: money or forgiveness. He argued that Gods love was not a prize or reward, but a only a gift that could be accepted. Luther believed that one did not need a priest to pray to, and that they could pray on their own. He favored a national, rather than Roman, control of church finances. Luther encourage permission for the clergy to marry, and he called for a simplified mass. His ideals of social order became known to a person as one, and that one would be able to follow God in their own way, and that the church should be governed by its people, not a high office. John Calvin was born into a strong hearted family in 1509. With his received benefices at such a young age, he was a...

Definition of Marketing and Nutritional Supplements Assignment

Definition of Marketing and Nutritional Supplements - Assignment Example As a management process, it believe that it must incorporate the 4ps where the organization initiate a new product, sets the price, ensure that it is in the right place to a certain channel of distribution, and familiarization is enhanced through the right promotional techniques. Therefore, I can generalize and argue from a philosophical perspective that the entire process of marketing is social process in nature for it involves taking action to meet clients’ needs and realize organizational goals of increased sales through an exchange of products and customer’s value. To discuss marketing from my point of view, I will consider GNLD, a nutritional supplement company in the U.S. Nutritional supplements have increased tremendously due to the increased importance of essential vitamins and minerals that lack in people’s body. These important are not available in the normal diets. However, the increase in the Nutritional Supplements selling companies has increased havoc since medical practitioners have noted with concern that some of these companies are money making since their productions are not regulated increasing controversy surrounding the products. However, GNLD is an example of such a company, which for over 50 years has ensured good health to millions of people. Its purpose is ideally to empower individuals with essential knowledge and through their scientifically proven products realize long life health. The history of this company is unique. The founder, Jerry Brassfield, introduced this company at a very young age when he realized that quality supplements played a profound impact in restoration of people health. This was after his life was sa ved by his mother who healed his long allergy and asthma through addition of nutritional products in his food. Since the introduction of the company, it has achieved national and international success hence through the founder; the company

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - Research Paper Example Another population that is showing emerging increase in PTSD is fire-fighters. More and more cases of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are coming to light, making it important for understanding of the conditions and therefore development of effective treatments. Feczer and Bjorklund (2009) define PTSD as â€Å" an anxiety disorder characterized by a triad of symptoms following exposure or trauma, including persistent re-experiencing of the traumatic stressors through flashbacks, nightmares, and/or intrusive thoughts, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma along with the numbing or general unresponsiveness; and persistent symptoms of increased arousal† (p.278). PTSD is classified as an anxiety disorder since although anxiety has many of the symptoms and signs of fear, it also lingers long after the event and the threat associated with it have passed. This is perhaps the most unique characteristic of PTSD. Vieweg et al (2006) follow the development of the definition. In 1980 the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders first described PTSD as an anxiety disorder. In a later revision in 1987 the diagnostic criteria were revised to emphasize the avoidance phenomenon and in the 1994 edition traum a was redefined. The definition of trauma is important to the understanding of how it is applied to PTSD. Grant et al (2008) define a trauma as â€Å"an event involving actual or threatened loss of life or personal integrity such that one experiences extreme fear, helplessness or horror† (p.662). The American Psychiatric Association expands the explanation of the traumatic event saying that it must involve actual or threatened death or serious injury of a threat to one’s physical being. Witnessing the actual death or threat to another’s

Marriage Between The Prophet Hosea And Gomer Religion Essay

Marriage Between The Prophet Hosea And Gomer Religion Essay At the centre of the Hebrew Bible in the book of Hosea chapters one and three, lays a controversy about the marriage between the prophet Hosea and Gomer the harlot. But Hosea 3:1 seems to be an interpretation of Hosea 1: 2. Taking these passages as historically true may defeat the nature of the righteousness of God. Moreover, the name, Gomer, also seems to be not historically true because of its being both a masculine and feminine. Therefore the narratives may not be a real historical reflection of the marital unfaithfulness but it may have meant to convey the message of Yahweh. The discussion of this subject will therefore, include; who was Hosea, who was Gomer, the metaphor for the unfaithful marriage and then conclusion. HOSEA: Hosea (Hoshea-saviour) was an eighth century prophet -a mouthpiece of Yahweh. He prophesied in the Northern Kingdom, which was under King Jeroboam II (Hosea 1: 1). The reign of Jeroboam was characterized by material prosperity but it was morally reeking and rotten due to idolatry as attested in Hosae 4:2 and 2 Kings 14: 23-29 (Halley, 1957: 321). Israel had committed great harlotry by forsaking the Lord (Hosea1: 2). The great sin that Israel had committed, compelled God to command Hosea to demonstrate it through his personal life. Hosea, a prophet and a staunch patriot of Yahwhism, received the message from Yahweh. The prophet was commanded to go and marry Gomer, a prostitute (Hosea 1:2). The marriage between the prophet and a prostitute is surrounded by controversies as recorded in Hosea chapters One and Three. The controversies include the doubtful possibility of Yahweh to expose Yahwehs prophet to a prostitute. However, scholars have said that the drama between Hosea and Gomer is a metaphor that demonstrates the unconditional love of God for Israel and humanity at large. The message was complex as Hosea spoke both of disaster and hope for restoration. By disaster he warned that the Assyrians would come to invade them. The demonstration involves the unfaithful marital drama between Hosea and Gomer his wife. This is seen in Hosea 1:2 and 3:1-2 where God commands Hosea to marry a prostitute and he repeated the command saying go again and love a prostitute. From these two texts, Gomer is seen as a prostitute before marrying Hosea. And she continued being unfaithful to her husband to the extent of defecting him for other men. Speculatively, the harlot in chapter three whom God commanded Hosea to marry again may be Gomer though the Bible does not mention the name Gomer. GOMER: The name seems to be masculine (Genesis 10: 2), but Hosea depicts it as a feminine name. Gomer was the wife of Hosea. She had three children and only the first-born is portrayed as a legitimate child of Hosea. The other two children were born out of wed log. The scripture records that Gomer left her husband-Hosea for other men. Therefore, the Bible depicts Gomer as a prostitute. Therefore, it is vital that the type of prostitution she indulged in is stressed precisely from scholarly point of view. Scholars have interpreted the first three chapters of Hosea in different ways (Hinson, 1992: 168). However, James Hastings suggests that Gomer was a temple prostitute (Hastings 1963: 398). This type of prostitution was common in Canaan as Werner Keller puts it; In Canaan in those days the cult of sensuality was regarded as the worship of the gods, temple took the place of brothels, men and women prostitutes ranked as sacred to the followers of the religion, their rewards for their services went into the temple treasuries as an offering for the god (Keller, 1956: 262). From this understanding, it is possible to conclude that Gomer could have been a temple prostitutes as Hastings puts it, Gomer was, before marriage, a temple prostitute (Hastings, 1963: 398). Further, it is uncertain that Yahweh, who is worthy, could allow his prophet to marry a prostitute. Prostitutes or adulterous women were deserved to be stoned to death and not to be take back to their marital homes (Psalm 85; Deuteronomy 22:20). Nevertheless, it has been the nature of God to reveal His plan in both words and actions as seen in Isaiah 20:1-6 and in Jeremiah 28:10f. Therefore, the metaphor could mean that Yahweh was transmitting his message through this drama. THE METAPHOR FOR THE UNFAITHFUL MARRIAGE: In this drama, Hosea is the representation of God who loves both the righteous and the sinner but hates sin. Gomer represent the Israelites who became broke the covenant made between them and God. The names of their children signify the attitude that God had developed against Israel due to idolatry (Hosea 1:4, 6, 9). Meanings of the names; The names of the children born in this unfaithful marriage show that the time of God (kairos) to punish Israel had come (Jezreel). Lo-ruhamah meant that God had no longer mercy for Israelites and Lo-ammi meant that Israel had rejected God. But later, Yahweh changed His mind and decided to forgive Israel (Halley, 1957: 317) as demonstrated by Hosea who redeemed his wife from playing harlotry. Hosea also is depicted as having accepted to keep the two illegitimate children. This shows how inclusive the love of God is. Hoseas attitude towards Gomer; Though with great pain and love of losing her in such a dramatic way, Hosea followed, called and redeemed his wife to himself. This is the exactly picture of God who is constantly mindful of human kind as portrayed in Psalm 8: 4. This is also depicted in the incarnation of Christ in the dispensation of salvation for humanity. As Hosea redeemed his wife, so is God ready to redeem humanity from any apostasy life as well as the bondage of sin despite being sinful (Romans 5: 8). In this view, the marital unfaithfulness represents how Israel became unfaithful to God by broking the Sinai covenant that was made between them and God as seen below. Defection and restoration of the covenant; The drama was the reminder to the Israelites that they were a holy nation. They were unique by having entered a relationship with God through a Sinai covenant. John Miller states that God, in the wilderness, initiated the covenant after the Israelites escape from Egypt. God showed the tender love for Israel. And this love is likened to the love for an infant who is dearly loved by the parent (Miller, 1987: 80). In this exclusive covenant, Israel is seen as a wife while Yahweh is the husband (Hastings, 1963:506). But Israel broke this covenant and became unfaithful to God by indulging in idolatry. This departure from worshipping Yahweh to other gods is likened to prostitution, which was rampant in temples (Miller, 1987:82). And of course sexual activity is a natural pattern of humanity. From this explanation, sacred prostitution implanted a belief of increasing prosperity and fertility, for example, agricultural product, as Israelites were an agrarian people. They depended on agriculture. Therefore they could not avoid adopting worshipping of Baal; a fertility god as Israel pursued material goods from other gods (Hastings, 1963:506). Attached to this worship was the belief concerning the cycle of growth and decay, birth and death and success in war. But in Canaan, they were openly shameless such that mother goddesses were branded as whores. (Keller, 1956: 262-263). This worship was connected to everyday life to ensure that by having sex in the temple; success was certain. As sex was performed in the temple, the god of fertility was impregnating the earth for farms to have good produce and success in trade. This is seen in how trade was conducted as goods probably food was sold by the rich to foreigners like Tyre; neglecting the fellow poor Israelites who could have worked for it. The seller-buyer relationship is also viewed as prostitution. These were the activities that penetrated Yahwism. And it was at this that the prophets were raged with patriotism zeal to fight the survival of Yahwism. The metaphor also refers to alliances with other nations on political basis. These alliances are likened to lovers whom Isaiah condemned. These foreign alliances brought idolatry into Israelites faith. Thus the depiction of Israels unfaithfulness to God (Jeremiah 2:18, 36-37; Hosea 5:13; 7:11-12). That is the breaking of covenant or the seal of salvation. As seen in this way, Israel committed adultery by being idolatry. Israel also followed the gods of violence, assassination and injustice. They totally rejected the precepts of Yahweh as stipulated in the Decalogue- Ten commandments (Hosea 4:2). Miller also points out thatWhen the austere worshippers of Yahweh entered Canaan from the wilderness of Sinai and first encountered such practices at Baal Peor, they were both shocked and intriguedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. numbers 25: Hosea 9:10 (Miller, 1987:82). Miller clearly states that Israel was a monotheistic nation. But the influence of the Canaanites swayed her away from Yahweh like a woman who leaves her only husband for other men. Iam therefore contend with the drama itself that demonstrates how loving Yahweh is. Yet even the changing of the names of Hoseas children from abandonment to embracing from not being my people to being my people is also a good honour to show that God cares. (Halley 1957:317). This shows that there is no slave or free person in the sight of God (Galatians 3). Though the children had no paternal inheritance because they were born out of wed log, they were also given access to inheritance in the house of Hosea. This is how Gods nature is (Hastings, 1963: 506 ). God wants a relationship between Godself and human beings. That is why God instituted the covenantal law to be the cord of bondage in this relationship. But this bondage has been weakened due to sin (Isaiah 59: 2). The sending of Hosea to remarry his wife demonstrates the concern of God for liberation of humanity. On the other hand God is reminding the people to return to God as Revelation 2:4-5a attests. This was the desire of Hose to see the salvation of Israel. He wished that Israel would be reconnected to the covenant. CONCLUSSION: The unfaithful marriage between Gomer and Hosea represents the broken Sinai covenantal relationship between Israel and God. The Sinai covenant was meant to be a practical, functional and a permanent-self definition and self-understanding of Israel as a chosen nation. But they forgot that God had entered into a covenant with them in the wilderness, which was their guide in political, social and religious spheres. Israel lost the morals. This resulted into idolatry, oppression and injustices. They forgot that they were a chosen nation that was required to live an exemplary life to the surrounding nations. It was the neglection of this covenant that God was displeased with the Israelites that his wrath raged against them. Yet, he brings word of compassionate hope for restoration and encouraged Israel to uphold the covenantal law, as Israel was a chosen nation who should have lived exemplary life.

Faulkner Essay -- essays research papers

Stunning Comparison in Faulkner's A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning In the words of Oscar Wilde, "The well-bred contradict other people. The wise contradict themselves." Conflict between the "well-bred" people and their "wise" counterparts satiates William Faulkner's short stories "A Rose for Emily" and "Barn Burning." The inability of Emily Grierson in "A Rose for Emily" and Abner Snopes' father in "Barn Burning" to accept and cope with their changing environments leads to an even greater quarrel with their neighbors; in each of Faulkner's stories, this inability escalates into a horrific murder. "A Rose for Emily" and "Barn Burning" are filled with gross contradictions that make conflict unavoidable. In "A Rose for Emily," different characters hold two opposing views of time itself. The first interpretation of time is that of a "world as present, a mechanical progression" (West 75). The narrator, the new Board of Aldermen, Homer Barron, and the newest generation represent this interpretation. These individuals, holding a new, less restricted point of view, prefer to keep everything set down in books, a practice strongly disapproved of by those who interpret their time as a "world of tradition, divided from us by the most recent decade of years" (West 75). Emily Grierson and her Negro servant, Colonel Sartoris, and the old Board of Aldermen represent this...

Common Core and the effects on America

Language Learners Since being introduced in 2010, forty-four States have now adopted the Common Core State Standards Initiative. This initiative provides standards in English, Language Arts and Math. Every child in a public school will be expected to meet each standard for their grade level In these areas. These standards are designed to guarantee that every child In America will be on par with each other. They use the example In their 3 minute video about a child In Seattle who has an A In his English class but would be receiving a C in a public school in Chicago(understandingCommon Core). These standards are also designed to insure that American youth are graduating high school with the ability to compete with other nation's graduates worldwide. So not only do American school children need to compete with their national peers but they are also competing on a global level (Common Core). Professor E. D Hirsch In an excerpt from his book â€Å"On Cultural Literacy† discusses h ow cultural literacy is the only way for Impoverished children to rise above their lot In life.Part of his assumptions are that every American child needs a basic foundation, such as the subjects proposed by Common Core, to be provided by the American Education system. Hirsch argues this foundation will ensure every child is culturally literate,†only by accumulation of shared symbols, and the shared information that the symbols represent, can we learn to communicate effectively with one another in our national community† (36). This statement Is based off of the assumption that all Americans speak the same language (Bezel 661). This Is simply no longer true.Between 2010-2011 there were 4. 7 million English Language Learners (ELL) in the American School system (Fast Facts). Unlike No Child left behind act, Common Core acknowledges that they cannot define and meet every need that ELLS have in order to learn the language being used by Common Core on the same level as their p eers (English Standards 6). Without going in-depth into the standards, the most accessible Information on the website Is specific on how to accommodate special needs children, but for ELLS all the standards say Is â€Å"It Is possible for every child to meet the standards†(6).This paper will address the potential effects of Common Core on ELLS, by using the proposed effects of both Common Core supporters and Common Core posers. There is a lack of public information as to how these state standards are going to affect English Language Learners (ELL), there needs to be more focus on how state standards and federal tests are going to accommodate the growing number ELLS. In 2001 the Bush administration Implemented the No Child Left Behind act. (UNCLE). Under Title Ill in UNCLE it was clearly stated how ELLS were to receive special attention.It allowed for extended time on test and occasionally for the test to be administered in the learners own language. These methods were not eff ective cause ELLS were still testing twenty to thirty percent lower than their English proficient peers. UNCLE required schools to break their students Into subgroups one testing in comparison with their English proficient peers. For ELLS the test was not only used to gauge their progress in that particular subject but also their progress in English proficiency.Not surprisingly the ELLS were doing significantly worse on their English and language arts test than on Math and Science. A glaring fault of UNCLE was that once a child began to test on the same level as their English proficient peers hey were removed from the ELL subgroup and expected to keep succeeding without the extra accommodations. These ideas were implemented without there ever being proof they would work. Abide and Tilted finish their 2004 Winter report for CREST with the statement, â€Å"For a goal to be within reach of all schools, at least one school should have already attained it.To date we have yet to see a sc hool with a sizeable ELL population that meets the 2014 UNCLE requirements†. (5) In preparation for the continued rapid growth of the ELL population, which according to a TESTS brief is errantly approximated at 6 million, Common Core broke down English proficiency expectations into four categories (4). An independent study conducted by Stanford defined the four categories are reading, writing, speaking and listening, and language (3,5-7). Reading requirements are designed to make sure students can read and comprehend complex text across all subjects.Writing standards ensure students are prepared to research, analyze and argue. The need for speaking and listening is to ensure that every student has the ability to understand and articulate orally their ideas and arguments and the arguments of others. Finally the language requirement refers to grammar; in the paper the authors students need to understand that English is â€Å"as much a craft as a set of rules†(7). This pap er argues that according to the standards, language will tie the four brackets together (7).The opposition to Common Core is that Common Core will force teachers to teach to the test. Ritual standardized testing increases pressure on students to find the right answer instead of encouraging learning and independent thought (Hawkins). According to New York City teacher Katie Alphas in a letter to Carmen Farina, ELLS articulacy in grades third through eighth are â€Å"encumbered with standardized testing. † Here is a quote from a resignation letter by former Colorado Springs English teacher Pauline Hawkins â€Å"l am supposed to help them think for themselves,†¦ Instead, the emphasis is on Common Core Standards and high stakes testing that is creating a teach to the test mentality for our teachers, and stress and anxiety for our students. † This anxiety is increased when a student is not only being tested on their comprehension of the material but also their comprehe nsion of the English language. The majority of teachers who oppose Common Core want less regular testing and a more diversified way of evaluation. Common Core is moving fast. For most teachers they are being required to rewrite curriculum to match standardized testing, which is binge implemented in some states as early as April 2014.In particular for ELLS in grades third through eighth, who have been in the country for a year or less they are allowed one exemption from a test. After that they are required to test to the level of their English proficient peers. There is an extra time allotment for ELLS UT as Katie Lymphoma states in a blob post titled Battling the High-stakes Testing Beast: from NAPE to NYSE, â€Å"the state has generously offered to give you extended time (time and a half) on the tests; instead of 90 minutes per day for six days (3 days for testing day. That's a total of 13. 5 hours! Hours upon hours of testing for a fifth grader who is working twice as hard to com prehend the test does not seem like the right answer. Lymphoma in the same post discusses how she as their teacher does not have access to the test results only the scores of her students. To summarize searchers are required to conform curriculum to the tests. The same test where they are not allowed to see which material their students failed on. The ELLS are exempt from only one test in the entirety of their schooling. During the testing ELLS could spend up to twelve plus hours a week testing.According to the association of Teaching English to Speaker of Other Languages (TESTS) and an independent Stanford Study, Common Core will present significant challenges to ELLS but will also provide an education that will offer them the same opportunities as their native English speaking peers. When Common Core was first developed English Language Proficiency Development (ELOPED) Standards were left up to the individual states. Starting in 2012 Common Core recognized that a standard for ELOP ED would need to be developed. In 2012 the Council of Chief State Officers produced a basic framework for states to use when adapting their ELL standards.They also hired the Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers and Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium to prepare the assessment test prototypes. According to TESTS on testing â€Å"[the tests will] be administered by computer, both consortia are exploring technology-based accommodations, such as pop up glossaries and captions for audio. To ensure the widest accessibility to the test items† (7). By using measures such as extra glossaries and captions it should take some of the pressure off the students.Common Core firmly states that only by regular standardized tests can teachers and the rest of the education community truly understand what students are learning. The Framework for English Language Proficiency Development Standards corresponding to the Common Core State Standards and the Next Generatio n Science Standards is vividly clear in that they do not force schools to adopt a curriculum. Instead they simply provide what information students are expected to master at every grade. There is no proposed curriculum or any specific standards to guide teachers.The Framework along with Common Core has yet to address what will happen if a child can not meet the standards. UNCLE clearly defined that if a child failed, then the school would be required to use [article title] funding to provide the student the ability to travel to a school where they could get better education. Diana Rancidity in her article with the Washington Post poses the same question what will happen to students who fail. How much funding will go to provide tutoring? What will the repercussions be for teachers whose students are not meeting the standard? Will schools who consistently fail the standards be closed?These are Just some of the many unanswered questions raised by Common Core for ELLS. The Framework ans wered some questions, like which type of questions students are supposed to be able to answer by each grade, what type of thinking process they should have mastered and what kind of tests they should be able to pass. No one on either side of the issue is making light of the extra struggle the ELLS re going to have on top of the rigorous workload of an English proficient student. Those who are pro Common Core firmly state that by going through the Common workforce or further education.Whether that statement is true or not has yet to be seen. Only time and testing will prove whether Common Core is truly beneficial to ELLS. The facts state that there are approximately six million ELLS in the American public school system today. Until we have a working ELL program that has proven results it is counter productive to expect those students to perform well on the Common Core tests. The government is in the awkward middle ground of some of the information being released without enough inform ation to determine whether or not the program's success is even plausible.