The Recent Engagement Of Contemporary Islamic Thought With...

Serhan Tanriverdi Contemporary Islamic Thought Dr. Ermin Sinanovic Reflection Paper The Recent Engagement of Contemporary Islamic Thought with Modernity in the West Modernization theory has been one of the master theoretical narratives to understand the major institutional and cultural transformation from traditional societies to modern ones. It was developed by the founders of sociology and has dominated the widespread understanding and explanations of many social differentiation processes including rationalization, individualization, urbanization, and secularization for several decades. Thus, sociologists believed that the consequences of modernization were unavoidable route and common destinations and patters for modern or all†¦show more content†¦They suggest that we should re-systematize and correct the classical theory of modernization in the light of multiple modernities frameworks because multiple modernities do not assume that global modernity is derived from the West as a single pattern (source) and describe the possibility of a plural modernity experiences. In fact, there are many modernities, not only one single patter of mo dernization. These developments forced sociologists for a paradigm shift in the dominant one-side understanding of western modernity. In this context, Islam and the discourse of western Muslim intellectuals have gradually gained visibility and significance through the continuing migration and the growth of new generations in the western societies. Western Islam also has emerged in the hearth of modernity; yet did not follow the same patters of classical modernization trends. However, it could not escape the hegemonic influence of modernity. As a result, western Islam is emerging not only as a response to the challenges (premises) of modernity, but also through a ‘transformative dialectical engagement’ with the ethos of modernity, which gradually pave the path towards the rise of Islamic modernism (Islamic modernity) in the west. Hence, the multiple modernities thesis serves as a more adequate theoretical approach than the prevailing modernization, the secularization perspective or many other approaches to

National Human Rights Commission and Its Role. - 2717 Words

NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION AND ITS ROLE. This paper divided into 8 parts. There are : 1. Introduction 2. Role of Human Rights towards universal sovereignty 3. Establishment of Human Rights Commission, 4. National Human Rights Commission of India, 5. Constitution of the Human Rights Commission, 6. Functions of the Human Rights Commission 7. Powers of the Commission 8. Conclusion The National Human Rights Commission was established on 12th October, 1993 under the legislative mandate of the protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. Definition of Human Rights : â€Å"Human Rights† means the rights relating to life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the constitution or embodied in the†¦show more content†¦Since 1990, the Commission has 53 member Government. It meets annually in Geneva for six weeks beginning in March. It reports to ECOSOC which, in turn, reports to the General Assembly. (Sharma D.L. and Maheshwari V.K, 2000 P.No. 316, 317). 4. National Human Rights Commission of India : The National Human Rights Commission(NHRC) of India is an autonomous commission constituted by the Central Government to protect human rights in India under the protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA) of 1993. Created largely in response to the firestorm of International controversy that arose over the actions of India’s Border Security Forces(BSF), the NHRC has been derrogated as being merely a mechanism for deflecting criticism of India’s human rights record, rather than an organ of genuine power and accountability. The PHRA mandates that â€Å"The Central Government shall constitute a body to be known as the National Human Rights Commission to exercise the powers conferred upon, and to perform the functions assigned to it, under this Act†, namely protecting â€Å"The rights relating to life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the constitution and enforceable by courts in India†. Protection of Rights in India : The constitution of India is one of the most rights – based constitutions in the world. Drafted around the same time as the universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Indian constitution captures the essence of human rights in itsShow MoreRelatedHuman Rights Trials And Truth Commissions882 Words   |  4 PagesConjunctive use of human rights trials and truth commissions The preceding discussions, in their entirety, validate the inherent predisposition of the objectives, benefits and quality of disclosures during truth-telling in transitional societies to interrogation, precisely how this truth-telling can be esteemed as rendering justice for GHRV when weighed against human rights trials. Sikkink and Booth Walling vehemently oppose the impression that transitional societies are obligated with selectingRead MoreSignificant Developments From The Welfare State1598 Words   |  7 PagesThe legislation that empowered the UK to have the NHS is National Health Service Act (1948), this despite opposition from doctors, who maintained on the right to continue treating some patients privately. The NHS ensured that Doctors, hospital, dentists, opticians, ambulances, midwives and health visitors were available, free to everybody. This Reason why we have health services is because it developments a view that health care was a right, not something given unreliably by charity, also two-party’sRead MoreThe Rights Of Human Rights915 Words   |  4 PagesThe idea of Human Rights was created as means of awareness. The purpose of writing Human Rights covenants was to elaborate more on the rights afforded to every human being and also emphasize that building a strong foundation for Human rights is the first step to peace. Eleanor Roosevelt became one of the first important people to advocate for human rights by heading the United Nations’ first Human Rights Commission. Roosevelt’s goal was to make Human Rights, more or less, a second nature by passingRead MoreEqual Wage Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pageslegislative case, has a significant role to play (Commission Policy Report). There are some factors which stop or slow equal pay for genders. These are behavioral factors, corporate culture and policies, human resource practices and social and environmental factors (Giapponi and McEvoy, 2006). Behavioral factors are related with lack of awareness of pay inequity. Women do not aware or do not mind wage inequity because of personal statement. 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There are severalRead MoreReason For Mobility Of Labour1619 Words   |  7 Pagescom: The Next Generation Library. All Rights Reserved.) LO3.1 Advise the UK on the role of the main EU institutions in determining and legitimising policy. Article 13 of the Treaty on European Union states that the European institution is composed of 7 institutions which are the decision making bodies but 3 of them are the key players. 1. The European parliament (voice of the people) 2. The council of European Union (voice of the state). 3. The European Commission (promoting the common interest). 4Read MoreEssay about Legal Safety and Regulatory Requirements1121 Words   |  5 PagesAlicia Race University of Phoenix Human resources in health care HCS/341 Michelle Calvin-Casey January 31, 2011 Legal, Safety, and Regulatory Requirements The legal, safety, and regulatory impact the human resource department greatly by ensuring that all employees are treated equally and fairly. The rights of both employer and employee are covered by several different entities such as the National Labor Relations Board, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and the Occupational Safety andRead MorePolitics C : The United States And The European Union1032 Words   |  5 Pagesanalyse to what extent the E.U. impinges upon the national sovereignty of its member states. In order to arrive at a conclusion my answer will provide analysis and evaluation of the powers and functions of the EU Commission, the council of ministers and the EU parliament. The nature of the relationship between each of the above institutions and the nature of the relationship between the European union and the individual member states with regard to national sovereignty. The European Union was established

Business and Working with Australian-Free Samples for Students

Question: How Do the Business and Working With the Australian? Answer: Introducation: In order to understand the relationship amid small business and Australian consumer law, it is important to first analyze the scope of small business contracts. In law, a contract is a small business contract provided it is a standard form contract for the supply of services/goods or for grant/sale of land interest. But, when the contract is made then at least one must employs less than 20 people and the contract upfront price does not exceed $300,000 OR if the contracts are for more than 12 months then the contract upfront price does not exceed $1,000,000.(Nick, 2015) Legislation that affects small businesses There are various legislations that affect the working of a small business in Australia. Some of them are:(wiley, 2017) National Measurement Act 1960; Australian Consumer Law and Fair Trading Act 2012 (Vic.); Food Act 1984; Licensing and inspection of all food premises, delegated through the FoodAct 1984; Local zoning laws; Local parking regulations; Australian Consumer Law The Competition and Consumer Act 2010 is the statutory enactment that has introduced the Australian Consumer Law (schedule 2) which has substituted various national/state/territory laws, with the main aim to protect the consumers and restore competition in the Australian Market. The law came into force from 1st January 2011. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission administer the working of the Act. The act has laid down various activities that are considered to be illegal and misleading and must not be carry out any business undertaking including the small business. No small undertaking should:(Paul, 2012) Indulge itself in act which is deceptive and misleading in nature. No product or service should be advertised which uses words which are deceptive. It results in portraying the nature of the product which is in realty false and misleading (section 18) (Inxs Hutchence, M.K. v. South Seas Bubble Company Pty Ltd t/as Bootleg T-Shirts Ors, [1986] ). Bait advertisement is strictly prohibited. Enter into transactions which are unreasonable or unfair or which is against the good conscience of the parties as such acts are considered to unconscionable in nature (section 21) (ACCC v Lux Pty Ltd , [2004]); Gave a representation regarding any goods and services which are misleading and false. A statement which is made which is false and which induces the other party to establish transactions are false or misleading representation and held invalid in law (section 29) (ACCC v Original Mama's Pizza Ribs Pty Ltd , [2008] ); Declare that it is willing to offer prizes or gifts along with the services and goods which in fact is not desirable by the business (section 32); Indulge itself in such actions or conduct which is misleading to the public at large; Thus, these are some of the statutory obligations which are imposed upon small business which must be complying with by them in order to avoid any kind of hardship. Rights of the consumer obligations on small businesses The Act has granted several consumer protection rights which must be cater by a small business while supplying any goods or services. Every small business manufacturer and the supplier must comply with this consumer guarantee and there are no requirements of any express warranty on the part of the manufacturer. The same are established under Part3-2, Division1, Subdivision A of ACL and are:(ACCC, 2017) The consumer will be granted a clear and legal title upon the goods so acquired. This is possible when the seller who is selling the goods has the clear title and thus has the right to transfer the ownership to the buyer; The goods which are to be sold must correspond with the demonstration, model, sample which is depicted to the buyer; The goods so supplied should be of acceptable quality, that is, durable, safe, free from defects, etc; They must comply with the purpose they are acquired for; The sparing and repairing of the goods must be cater adequately; Services must be provided within reasonable time and must provide with adequate skill and care; However, apart from imposing obligations, the Act in order to strengthen the competition has imposed restrictions on the small business not to indulge in any activities which ultimately results in restricting the trade and operations in the market. There are several provisions which are made: Section 45 imposes exclusionary provisions according to which no two business would make an agreement according to which they will exclude/limit themselves from trading with certain customers or suppliers; Section 44ZZRF deals with price fixing according to which no business can control/fix/maintain the price of any services/goods; Section 46 prohibit the business to use their market dominance for their won advantage and detrimental to others. Section 46 prohibit to fix the prices of the product at such a low level that it forces the other competitors to leave the market; Section 48 prohibits the small business to fix the prices for the retailers at which they must sell the products. Section 50 of the act does not allow any kind of acquisitions and mergers which results in the deterioration of the competition. If any Small business does not comply with its obligations and consumer guarantees then, the ACCC is authorized to take criminal proceedings against such small business defaulter. The penalties of up to $1.1 million can be imposed for companies and $220 000 upon the individual which are found to be defaulters. Compensation can also be imposed upon such small business units. If the penalties that are so imposed are further aggravated with the cost of the good will and the legal fees, then, the damages that are so imposed are more than enough to ruin such small business undertakings.(Gillian, Julie, Megan, 2011) Thus, every small business unit must make sure to comply with all the provisions of the Act. In any country some business are big and some are small. It is a common question, whether the small businesses require stronger protection when compared with large companies. The Australian consumer Law main aim is the protection of the consumers. In order to grant better protection to the small business there are few recommendations: (Conversation, 2017) The anti competitive practices such as fixation of price can be harmful to small business along with the local community. It is necessary that competition laws must be applicable on such business. Since the resources that are available to small businesses are not much thus thee are chances that unfair and unconscionable conduct can be carried against them by the big companies. So, it is necessary to help the small businesses to have just compete ions; The unfair contract terms legislation is extended to small business which will ultimately help them. Thus, there are several obligation that are imposed on small business in order to secure competition and to promote consumer justice, however, recommendation are also provided in order to strengthen the position of such businesses. References ACCC. (2017, May 2017). Consumer guarantees. Australia. ACCC v Lux Pty Ltd ([2004]). ACCC v Original Mama's Pizza Ribs Pty Ltd ([2008] ). Acts, C. C. (2017, MAy 8). COMPETITION AND CONSUMER ACT 2010 - SCHEDULE 2 - The Australian Consumer Law. Australia. Conversation, T. (2017). Why the Australian Consumer Law can help small business. Retrieved May 8, 2017, from The Conversation: https://theconversation.com/why-the-australian-consumer-law-can-help-small-business-20298 Gillian, S., Julie, C., Megan, J. (2011). Essential VCE Business Management Units 1 and 2. Cambridge University Press. Inxs References, M.K. v. South Seas Bubble Company Pty Ltd t/as Bootleg T-Shirts Ors ([1986] ). Nick, K. (2015, December 6). Mondaq- connecting knowledge and people. Retrieved May 8, 2017, from Mondaq: https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/449534/Contract+Law/Small+businesses+to+benefit+under+proposed+changes+to+the+Australian+Consumer+Law Paul, l. L. (2012). Australian Busienss Law. CCH Australia Limited. wiley. (2017). Legal requirements of small businesses offering goods and services. Retrieved May 8, 2017, from Wiley: https://www.wiley.com/legacy/Australia/PageProofs/BUS_MAN/1_2/KC_VCE_BusMgmnt_U12_3E_c08__WEB.pdf

William Faulkner His Life And Achievements Essays -

William Faulkner: His Life And Achievements William Faulkner is viewed by many as America's greatest writer of prose fiction. He was born in New Albany, Mississippi where he lived a life filled with good times and bad times. However, despite bad times he would become known as a poet, a short story writer, and finally one of the greatest contemporary novelist of his time. William Faulkner's accomplishments resulted not only from his love and devotion of writing, but also from family, friends, and certain uncontrollable events. William Faulkner's life is an astonishing accomplishment; however, it is crucial to explore his life prior to his fixated writing career. In 1905, Faulkner entered the first grade at a tender age of eight, and immediately showed signs of talent. He not only drew an explicitly detailed drawing of a locomotive, but he soon became an honour-roll student: His report card would show no grades below Perfect or Excellent (Blotner 21). Throughout his early education he would work conscientiously at reading, spelling, writing, and arithmetic; however, he especially enjoyed drawing. His deportment at school was very high, but it was not as high as it was at home. When Faulkner got promoted to third grade, skipping the second grade, he was asked by his teacher what he wanted to be when he grew up, and he replied, I want to be a writer just like my great granddaddy (Blotner 23). At last, (in 1914) Faulkner took interest in poetry, but no one in Oxford could tell him what to do with his poems. Me anwhile, Faulkner, who is very talkative, would always entertain Katrina Carter and Estelle Oldham by telling them vividly imagined stories. Eventually, Faulkner grew very fond of Estelle in fact, if he heard her voice he would deliberately attempt to be spotted by Katrina in hopes that she asks him to join her. Estelle soon became the sole inspirer and recipient of Faulkner's earlier poems. Coincidentally, a gentleman named Phil Stone would fall in love with Estelle's friend, Katrina. As a result, Katrina had told Stone about Faulkner and his poetry. So one afternoon, Stone walked to Faulkner's home to get acquainted, and during his visit he received several written verses from Faulkner' poetry collections: Anybody could have seen that he (Faulkner) had talent?it was perfectly obvious (Blotner 44). Stone not only became Faulkner's close friend, but also a mentor to the young writer at the beginning of his career. Stone immediately gave the potential poet encouragement, advice, and models for his study of literature. For example, Stone would give practice drills in punctuation, as well as lecture Faulkner on goals and grammars. Meanwhile, Faulkner's main interest in school became athletics such as football and baseball, thus his grades started to deteriorate: Bill showed absolutely no interest in the education being offered?He gazed out the windows, and answered the simplest questions with ?I don't know' (Blotner 39). Eventually, he would quit both athletics and school altogether. In 1919, his first literary work was acknowledged and published in The New Republic. The poem is a forty-line verse with a French title that acknowledges the influence of the French Symbolist, L'Apres-Midi d'un Faune. In September, Faulkner would enroll in the University of Mississippi, and during his academic years it did not deter him from writing more poems. The Mississippian, the student paper, published Landing in Luck by Faulkner- the story is a nine-page short story created fr om his direct experience in the Royal Air Force flight training in 1916. He has also written several other poems such as Cathay, which is published in the Oxford Eagle and Sapphic, which is published in The Mississippian. During the summer, Faulkner became a house painter in Oxford, and in the beginning of autumn he enrolled in the University of Mississippi; however, his early pattern of school started to take toll. Faulkner began to cut classes and finally just stopped going. Although, this time he participated in a drama club called The Marionettes, and began to publish book reviews in The Mississippian. In the summer of 1921, Faulkner decided to take a trip to New York to receive some professional instructions from editors and critics, since Stone was busy with his