Calorimeter Definition in Chemistry

Calorimeter Definition in Chemistry A calorimeter is a device used to measure the heat flow of a chemical reaction or physical change. The process of measuring this heat is called calorimetry. A basic calorimeter consists of a metal container of water above a combustion chamber, in which a thermometer is used to measure the change in water temperature. However, there are many types of more complex calorimeters. The basic principle is that heat released by the combustion chamber increases the temperature of the water in a measurable way. The temperature change may then be used to calculate the enthalpy change per mole of substance A when substances A and B are reacted. The equation used is: q Cv(Tf - Ti ) where: q is the amount of heat in joulesCv  is the calorimeters heat capacity in joules per Kelvin (J/K)Tf and Ti are the final and initial temperatures Calorimeter History The first ice calorimeters were built based on Joseph Blacks concept of latent heat, introduced in 1761. Antoine Lavoisier coined the term calorimeter in 1780 to describe the apparatus he used to measure heat from guinea pig respiration used to melt snow. In 1782, Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace experimented with ice calorimeters, in which heat needed to melt ice could be used to measure heat from chemical reactions. Types of Calorimeters Calorimeters have expanded beyond the original ice calorimeters. Adiabatic calorimeter: Some heat is always lost to the container in an adiabatic calorimeter, but a correction factor is applied to the calculation to compensate for heat loss. This type of calorimeter is used to study runaway reactions.Reaction calorimeter: In this type of calorimeter, the chemical reaction occurs within an insulated closed container. Heatflow versus time is measured to arrive at the reaction heat. This is used for reactions intended to run at a constant temperature or to find the maximum heat released by a reaction.Bomb calorimeter: A bomb calorimeter is a constant-volume calorimeter, constructed to withstand the pressure produced by the reaction as it heats the air within the container. The temperature change of water is used to calculate the heat of combustion.Calvet-type calorimeter: This type of calorimeter relies on a three-dimensional fluxmeter sensor made of rings of thermocouples in series. This type of calorimeter allows for a larger sample size and reacti on vessel size, without sacrificing the accuracy of the measurement. An example of a Calvet-type calorimeter is the C80 calorimeter. Constant-pressure calorimeter: This instrument measure the enthalpy change of a reaction in solution under conditions of constant atmospheric pressure. A common example of this type of device is the coffee-cup calorimeter.

Sociology of religion Essays

Sociology of religion Essays Sociology of religion Essay Sociology of religion Essay Critically Evaluate Stark s Theory of Religion in Light of Primary and Secondary Beginnings Rodney Stark, a modern-day mind on the Sociology of Religion, has been seen to dispute the widely accepted position that secularization is happening within modern society. By looking at his theory of faith based on Rational Choice Theory we can see how he proposes that Religion is a necessary construct for society, which is improbable to vanish. Many theoreticians have concluded that Stark s theory is unequal for a figure of grounds. Through close scrutiny of his theories, and of contemplations made by minds such as Steve Bruce, a critical rating of Stark s theory can be made. Stark s theory on faith has many facets to it, but a focal point on his impression of reason in peculiar, and its defects with respects to faith, will take to a clear thought of the worthiness of his theory. Stark s theory of faith is chiefly outlined in a figure of his Hagiographas. Most notably his remarks in The Future of Religion show a clear overview of his general premises on why spiritual beliefs are held. Although his theory has been criticised for being excessively reductive, Stark puts frontward that cut downing general phenomena to a basic theory is something all theoretician should draw a bead on to make. These ideas are similar to the thoughts of William of Ockham. [ 1 ] Stark shows his theory to be reductionist by utilizing simple premises to asseverate his place. He uses said premises to exemplify a hypothesis, based mostly on economical footings, of why faith is followed by so many and will go on to be followed. The first premiss begins to give ground for faith by proposing that humans seek what they perceive to be wagess and seek to avoid what they perceive to be costs. [ 2 ] This positivist attack to human behavior leads on to propose that faith offers wagess and compensators that co-inside with basic demands and desires. Such wagess are things that worlds want but can non be gained any other manner than through faith. The thought of a compensator is that if a wages can non be given instantly so an false IOU can be given in the average clip. Compensators give people a solution to concerns they have such as what happens when they die. Merely faith can give such compensators with the promise of life after decease, this is where Stark claims the supernatural will ever be needed and explains why faith will ever be about. As worlds we will ever seek certain things that can merely be given to us through belief in a supernatural being who offers compensators for inquiries that can non be answer ed instantly. Stark uses this trust on the supernatural to demo why Churches that have become excessively broad have falling attending Numberss where more fundamentalist Churches with higher costs and, hence, larger wagess have lifting attending Numberss. He besides uses this thought to demo that secularism is self-limiting as the more it occurs, the more necessary fundamentalist faith becomes. [ 3 ] Stark states rational histrions will prefer more demanding Churches because they offer a more favorable cost/benefit ratio. [ 4 ] It is this accent on the Rational Choice concluding behind faith that many theoretician have such an issue with. Stark supposes that all spiritual followings are believing rationally, strictly about what they will derive from following a faith. Where it might be possible to explicate people s economic penchants and passing wonts in footings of cost-effectiveness is it truly possible to cut down something every bit complex as spiritual belief to such a rigorous, rational account? In support of Stark, his theory does give a plausible account for why broad Protestantism has declined in recent old ages and periphery faiths such as the Church of jesus christ of latter-day saintss have grown. If people are believing rationally, harmonizing to Stark, they will seek a faith that gives them the highest wagess, something, which the Mormon Church appears to make. Stark has predicted that by the twelvemonth 2080, the figure of followings of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints ( Mormons ) will hold risen to something between 60,000,000 and 265,000,000. [ 5 ] If this does happen so Mormonism will be seen as one of the universe s major religions alongside Catholicism and Islam. This will back up Stark s belief that as secularization begins to happen new, more utmost, faiths with a higher accent on the occult will originate in order to give people the wagess and compensators that they desire. Although the addition in Mormonism holds up Stark s theory it is non sufficient plenty to state that it was rational pick and the demand for wagess and compensators that led to the rise. There may be many other grounds for the rise of Mormonism such as spiritual learning in American schools or merely the fact that it is an appealing faith, which makes sense to people irrespective of what they will derive in the manner of wagess. Further to this, Steve Bruce finds Stark s back uping grounds to be invalid. He says that Stark makes much of the diminution of Liberal Protestant Churches to back up his claims but pursues some instead Byzantine concluding to convey this into compatibility with his theory. [ 6 ] He besides claims that a considerable organic structure of grounds on church rank and attending shows that major British denominations are merely a coevals off from unsnarling. [ 7 ] Bruce argues that there is no mark of any spiritual phenomenon to make full the infinite. Britain is so going layman [ 8 ] this along with him saying that the growth of Mormons is non plenty to turn out Stark s theory [ 9 ] refutes Stark s belief that faith will ever be necessary and evident in society. Bruce is able to utilize Church history to demo how Stark s supply side position of faiths as viing for followings, like market economic systems, is non an bing and necessary characteristic. Stark suggests that secularization will neer happen if Churches continue to vie by utilizing wagess to lure rational minds. He says that competition consequences in eager and efficient providers of faith merely as it does among providers of secular trade goods, and with the same consequences: far higher degrees of overall ingestion. [ 10 ] However, Bruce shows that before the reformation there was one Church, organised on a national parish construction, which glorified God on behalf of, and provided spiritual offices for, the full people [ 11 ] connoting that faiths do non necessitate to vie in order to avoid secularization. Callum Brown supports Bruce s findings by proposing that a transition that occurred in 1970/80s constituted a recrafting of what being spiritual and faith consisted of. [ 12 ] This displacement gave people more pick to travel out and pick faiths or take godlessness, it was non the outgrowth of competing faiths which led to more assortment but an outgrowth of new societal activity and individuality. And it was this new epoch of faith that left a immense sum of room for evangelism. Through this we begin to see that although Stark gives justification and grounds for his theory, such grounds may be inaccurate or merely non applicable. Bruce advises that Stark s rational attack would merely work in a thoroughly secular society since faith is non a trade good so should non be seen as one. He believes that such economic based theoretical accounts of faith fail to present what they promise and obscure more than they illuminate. [ 13 ] It is besides extremely improbable that spiritual establishments would partake in such competition in the same manner that concerns would alter their merchandise to accommodate the consumer. Another unfavorable judgment made by Bruce is that the theory contains unneeded premises, which stem from its reductionism, cut downing spiritual beliefs to this-worldly considerations and from the interpretative distance between Stark-Bainbridge and the histrions whose beliefs and behavior they seek to explicate. [ 14 ] From this sentence Bruce is seting frontward that Stark is pretermiting the fact that many spiritual beliefs and desires lie beyond rational differentiation. Stark s theory is besides really American and his generalizations appear to disregard the obvious cultural differences that can be seen between and within faiths. Such major cultural differences show how Stark s theory can non be applicable to all people, since if his theory were right every individual would want to be a member of the same, one, faith that offered the highest wagess at the least cost. However, there are many faiths that offer small wagess at great costs but still have many followings. Another cardinal mind, Stephen Sharot, supports Bruce s claims that Rational Choice theory can non be generalised as a ground for why all spiritual people hold a belief. He looks at this Rational Choice theoretical account of faith from a Weberian position and finds farther troubles to back up Bruce s concerns. He demonstrates that Weber wrote that a big portion of human behavior fell into a traditional or accustomed class, which, as routinized and unthinking, implied that small or non pick was involved. [ 15 ] Sharot besides shows that Weber put forward a differentiation between different types of rational actions, which Stark fails to make. These points illustrate that Stark s theory does non let for differences as it tries to cut down human behavior to a grade that appears to be excessively utmost. His premise that all people seem to follow a rational pick theoretical account when taking a faith seems erroneous when conveying in the thought of cultural relativism. It is more than evident that different civilizations hold spiritual beliefs for changing grounds and therefore it is impossible to generalize that all spiritual belief stems from the same demand for wagess and compensators. For case, western spiritual civilizations are far more concerned with wagess for the present such as fiscal stableness and material goods. Whereas, Indian spiritual followings will be focused more on wagess that they will gain for the following life due to their belief in reincarn ation. Here we see that Stark s theory lacks credibleness, as it can non be applied universally. Besides, his theory does non let for the fact that there are, and ever have been, atheists. He neglects the fact that some people see abstaining from spiritual belief as far more rational than believing, even if they were to derive wagess. In order to antagonize the statement made by his coevalss that Rational Choice is subjective and can non be assumed to use to all worlds, particularly with respects to faith, Stark puts frontward a new premiss. Within the bounds of their information and apprehension, restricted by available options, guided by their penchants and gustatory sensations, worlds attempt to do rational picks. [ 16 ] Through this Stark shows a new thought of reason where he accepts that persons have limited information and varying penchants. This definition of human behavior more than allows for cultural fluctuations in spiritual belief. He besides states that persons such as Mother Tersesa violate the rule of reason merely if we adopt a really narrow, mercenary and wholly egoistic definition of wagess. [ 17 ] These comments appear to queer remarks made by people such as Bruce who thought Stark s theory ignored the fact that possibly non all worlds desired this-worldly things. However, his theory still ap pears to miss room for the predication that possibly people truly have strong beliefs based on religion entirely and non formulated through rational thought about what wagess or compensators they will derive. Or as Bruce puts it they assume that the promises of faith can non be desired for their ain interest, but merely as a replacement for something else. [ 18 ] To measure Stark s theory in visible radiation of Bruce s remarks it is necessary to look at the chief points behind Bruce s statements. Bruce notes three chief failings in Stark s theory ; his conceptualization of wagess and compensators, his underlying attack to account and the reading of the grounds presented for the theory. [ 19 ] He sees the thought of wagess and compensators as a tautology as although they appear to be separate things, they are besides shown to be reliant on each other. With this defect in the really rudimentss of his theory, even if the grounds to endorse it up were dependable, it does non stand much land in Bruce s sentiment. Bruce farther refutes Stark s thought that we all make rational picks with respects to religion by proposing that no 1, in fact, knows what the rational pick would be so can non do it. [ 20 ] Bruce believes that Stark s usage of rationalism is a weak statement as a theory for faith. Yes it can, and should be assumed that people act rat ionally. It should besides be held that in most cases people will move to derive wagess at the lowest cost, but neither of these points lead straight to the premise that this is the cause for faith. Bruce so asserts from this that Stark s theory is not a theory of faith, merely a theory about what faith is or does for some people at some times. [ 21 ] Emphasis should be given to Bruce s usage of some people and sometimes. If Stark s theory is merely applicable to what faith is in some state of affairss so it is non able to be universalised and Bruce shows why this is a job. Stark brings frontward his thoughts in such a manner that suggests they can be generalised across all people and civilizations but Bruce illuminates the jobs with Stark s theory to show how this is wrong. Such defects in Stark s statement once more, conveying into the inquiry the pertinence of his theory to spiritual attitudes. From the aforesaid points we can see that, although Stark s theory appears to be logical, it lacks sufficient concrete grounds. Stark s usage of reason is tenuous since it is unlogical to use the same theory for something every bit rigorous as economic sciences to something as complex and irrational as faith. Stark does set frontward grounds to heighten his theory but Bruce shows how this is deficient. Through Bruce s review of Stark s theory we can do a clear rating of the worthiness of Stark s theory. Although the theory itself is interesting and obliging it is non equal plenty to be used as a cosmopolitan theory for why all people follow faiths. Bibliography Callum G. Brown, The Death of Christian Briatin ( Routledge 2002 ) Steve Bruce, Choice and Relgion: a Critique of Rational Choice Theory ( Oxford University Press 1999 ) Stephen Sharot, Critique of Rational Choice Theory from a Weberian and Comparative Religions Perspective ( hypertext transfer protocol: //findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0SOR/is_4_63/ai_96254890/ ? tag=content ; col1- accessed on 01DEC09 ) Rodney Stark and William Sims Bainbridge, The Future of Religion ( University of California Press 1985 ) Rodney Stark and William Sims Bainbridge, A Theory of Religion ( Rutgers University Press 1996 ) Roy Wallis and Steve Bruce, The Stark-Bainbridge Theory of Religion: A Critical Analysis and Counter Proposals ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jstor.org/pss/3711319 accessed on 11DEC09 ) Rodney Stark Rationality in, Willi Braun and Russell T McCutcheon, Guide to The Study of Religion ( Contium International Publishing Group Ltd 1999 ) Rodney Stark and Roger Finke, Acts of Faith ( University of California Press 2000 ) Steve Bruce, God is Dead: Secularization in the West ( Blackwell 2002 ) Claudia Bushman, Contemporary Mormonism: Latter Day Saints in Modern America ( Preager Publishers 2006 ) Stark, A Theory of Religion, p26 Stark, The Future of Religion, p5 Stark, The Future of Religion, p6ff Stark, Acts of Faith, p22 Claudia Bushman, Contemporary Mormonism, p1 Bruce, Choice and Religion, p38 Bruce, God is Dead, p60 Bruce, God is Dead, p60 Bruce, God is Dead, p71 Stark, Guide to The Study of Religion, p257 Bruce, God is Dead, p61 Brown, Death of Christian Britain, p37 Bruce, Religion and Rational Choice, p194 Bruce, The Stark Bainbridge Theory of Religion, p11 Sharot, Critique of Rational Choice Stark, Guide to Study of Religion, p248 Stark, Guide to Study of Religion, p249 Bruce, Choice and Religion, p33 Bruce, Choice and Religion, p32 Bruce, Choice and Religion, p129 Bruce, Choice and Religion, p37

Race and racism in modern culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Race and racism in modern culture - Essay Example Other phenomena or units must be represented as foreign or ‘other’ through representing a hierarchal dualism in which the unit is ‘privileged’ or favored, and the other is devalued in some way† (Cahoone, 1996). In order to obtain a definition of self, this concept indicates, we must first determine a definition of what is not self, what is Other. In creating this definition, we inadvertently end up viewing the Other as being somehow less than or less valued in some fundamental way. Additionally, this concept indicates that without a definition of the Other, a definition of the self is not possible. Therefore, it is through an individual’s perception of what is ‘normal’ versus what is ‘particular’ that one defines the Other and, by extension, themselves. In addition, individuals who differ greatly from the majority of the society in which they live, who are ‘peculiar’, will frequently identify themselves wit h the Other without consciously thinking about it and place themselves into submissive roles as a result. Rather than identifying themselves by their achievements, goals and aspirations as those of the dominant race might, individuals who identify with the Other or minority race tend to think of themselves only as they exist in their private lives. However, the idea that the Other must always be considered something less than does not necessarily follow as a natural conclusion of this process once it is examined in closer detail. Contemporary films, such as Bend it Like Beckham, take a deep look at the concepts of race and racism to demonstrate that while the Other is used to help define oneself, a close look at these peculiarities can help us engage with the Other to reveal that the Other and the self are not necessarily as different or as negative as was assumed at first glance. As might be imagined, determinations regarding what constitutes the Other are wide-ranging and varied depending upon the accepted norms within a

The relationship between motivation and experience of Chinese tourists Dissertation

The relationship between motivation and experience of Chinese tourists to UK - Dissertation Example Keywords: Hospitality, Tourism, Culture, Outbound Tourism, Destination Image, Motivation, Push-and-Pull, Chinese Tourists; Characteristics Acknowledgements This study has been completed with the support and guidance of my supervisor, who has been of tremendous encouragement. Acknowledgements are also due to the respondents and participants to the study for their time and cooperation in sharing their feelings and experiences. The researcher also owes thanks to the friends that have helped in editing and refining the study. Table of Contents Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 Background 1.1.1 Global Outbound Tourism 1 1.1.2 China’s Outbound Tourism 4 1.2 Rationale for the Study 6 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives 9 1.4 Research Questions 9 1.5 Structure of the Study 10 Chapter Two: Literature Review 2.1 Chapter Overview 11 2.2 Hospitality Industry 2.2.1 Overview 11 2.2.2 Hospitality and culture 11 2.3 Tourism 2.3.1 Overview 12 2.3.2 Tourism and Culture 13 2.4 Motivation 2.4.1 Definiti on and concept of Motivation 16 2.4.2 Motivation to Travel 17 2.4.3 Motivation for the Chinese Tourists 19 2.5 Characteristics of Chinese tourists 20 2.6 Tourism Experience 21 2.7 Push-and-pull framework 23 2.8 Destination Image 24 2.9 Chapter Summary 25 Chapter Three: Methodology 3.1 Research Philosophy 26 3.2 Epistemology 26 3.3 Research Phenomenon 26 3.4 Research Design 26 3.5 Research Methodology 27 3.6 Data Collection Instruments 29 3.7 Sampling Strategy 32 3.8 Data Analysis 33 3.9 Reliability and Validity 33 3.10 Ethical concerns 34 Chapter Four: Findings & Discussions 4.1 Chapter Overview 35 4.2 Presentation of Findings from the Survey 35 4.3 Presentation of Findings from Interviews 39 4.4 Discussion 42 4.5 Response to research questions 49 4.6 Chapter Summary 50 Chapter Five:... Tourists’ search for novel and distinctive experiences and sensations has been the drivers of outbound tourism (Là ³pez-Guzmà ¡n and Sà ¡nchez-Caňizares, 2012). International travellers are by nature novelty-seeking, inspired by a sense of exploration and adventure (Hartman, Meyer and Scribner, 2009). As per United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, 2008) international tourism has been experiencing consistent growth and destination diversification (cited in Hartman, Meyer and Scribner, 2009). International tourist arrivals grew from 25 million in 1950 to 903 million in 2007, as per UNWTO which suggests an average growth rate of four percent. By 2020 this number is expected to reach 1.1 billion. So far people from Europe and the Americas accounted for the largest travel but now people from several countries such as Middle-East, North-East, South Asia, and Central and South America also travel to overseas destinations. Travel has now become a mainstream activity fo r the masses. This is perhaps the reason that despite the political crises and natural catastrophes in 2011, the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) predicted that international arrivals would increase by 4-4.5% in 2012 to an all-time high (ITB, 2011). Despite the uncertain economic outlook, industry experts have expressed optimism for moderate growth. Rising incomes in the emerging markets, stable employment and disposable income in mature markets are expected to drive the growth. The world travel and tourism was impacted in 2011 due to several events such as the conflicts and revolutions in Arab countries, the Tsunami and nuclear disaster in Japan, and the political and economic drama in Greece (ITB, 2011).

Functional Areas Of Business Essay Example for Free

Functional Areas Of Business Essay There has been an ongoing debate between enlisted members and commissioned officers of the United States Military about effective leadership and the scope of control. Enlisted Service Personnel are usually the worker bees, are not managerial in nature, with combat and field experience. Commissioned Officers are the leaders of the enlisted members. Commissioned Officers usually are the ones that can be personified as managers, with little to no field or combat experience. This debate stems from Commissioned Officers executing their managerial roles, how it affects the enlisted member, and how it effects the overall mission. Leadership, strategic planning, law, human resources management, will be utilized to analyze the role of a manager within the functional areas of business. Leadership Most employees will follow an effective leader if the manager exudes confidence, is not a hypocrite, and believes in the organization’s mission statement wholeheartedly. The adage, If a manager has to claim to be a leader, it almost seems as though he or she is trying to convince themselves that they are a leader, instead of showing that the manager is capable of leading. Motivation, inspiration, and being levelheaded are great attributes in being a great leader. Managers do not have to be an efficient leader in order to get things done, however, they should know how to manage those effective and efficient leaders in order to see the project or mission through. Most effective leaders are effective by being prepared and knowledgeable with some strategic planning. Strategic Planning As the adhesive that was so meticulously put there to hold up that model ship which is encased in a glass bottle, there is a plethora of minutia detail that goes into planning. With regards to the military, it takes an almost insurmountable amount of planning just to execute even the smallest of missions. This component is imperative to have in the manager’s toolbox, in order to maintain the survivability of the organization. A person that fails to plan, he or she plans to fail. Managers have to stay on top of planning, even if it means that sometimes coming into the organization on weekends, or coming in earlier than their standard start time. The organization also depends deeply on the legal department to ensure that the organization will not fall privy to legal troubles. Read more:  Functional Areas Of Business Law There are legal boundaries that dictate what can or cannot take place in the business world. Businesses hire witty, educated, and self-starting legal individuals to interpret the laws. There is a ton of small laws that can get an organization in or out of legal calamity. It could be a zoning law issue, or a morality issue, or what is common with big organizations is an environment issue. Managers have to be cognizant and stay on top of these issues in order to be a successful manager. In order a successful manager, there have to be some exceptional employees. Those employees hire through Human Resources. Human Resources Management Filtering out among the mass applicant pool to hire the best employees that are most suited for the position, rectifying current employees pay if needed, ensuring equal opportunity to the employees are all components of what it means to be in the human resources department. Managers have a few components to deal with when it comes to human resources. According to an a Forbes article, administrative director at a law-firm wrote that she needed some advice. The administrators employee was pregnant and she wanted to find a way to fire her before the employee tells anyone. She further stated that the pregnant woman would cost the organization a temporary hire, adding that after the baby is born the pregnant woman is sure to miss work due to baby illness. (Ryan, 2014) Managers have to be aware that it is illegal to fire someone for pregnancy, and need to have the wherewithal to be firm, but understand that employees have a choice of motherhood as well as having a  career. Managers in hu man resources can sometimes be the epitome for the managers throughout the entire organization that set the tone for the organization. When a manager from human resources has to fire an individual, if they are not careful the methods that are used can be detrimental to the entire organization. If the manager calls, emails, or texts the individual that in two weeks time that the person will be fired or laid off, that individual now has time to sabotage, slack-off, give trade secrets to competitive organizations or do something physically harmful to himself or the people at the organization. If the manager tells the individual that is to be fired to come into the office and let’s discuss some of the options that a person may have face-to-face, makes that terminated employee somewhat at ease. The terminated employee will not have to tackle this daunting situation alone. Supply Management In order to stay relevant in business, managers understand that they must have quality products at a reasonable rate from their suppliers. However, when the rates are unreasonable, managers should seek out other suppliers that will accommodate the organization’s budget. â€Å"Mooney agrees that managers will usually be keen on a purchasing department that is good at finding savings. But, he warns, even this can be a double-edged sword, because they can be expected to be much less enthusiastic when it is their area of spend that is being touched upon.† (Wheatley, 2005) Managers have to be diligent and understand that the purchasing department, if not fully understood, can break the financial infrastructure of an organization. Conclusion Being a great leader will comprise of attributes such as not being temperamental, inspirational and having the ability to motivate. Being able to strategically plan has to be in the managers repertoire, in order to efficiently run the organization. Laws are meant to be interpreted by the legal team to ensure the organization does not end up in legal trouble. Human resource managers have to be careful with the way they handle terminating employees. Finding the best supplier with a quality product, for a reasonable price is what managers should reach for in order to have a thriving organization. References University of Phoenix. MBA Overview Module. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, MGT/521 Website Wheatley, M. (2005, May). Supply Management. 10-11. Ryan, L. (2014, April). You Think Your Manager is Slimy? Check Out These Guys. Forbes, (), . Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/lizryan/2014/04/08/you-think-your-manager-is-slimy-check-out-these-guys/

A World Without Cars Essay -- Environment Pollution Ecology Essays

A World Without Cars James Q. Wilson the author of the article "Cars and Their Enemies" briefly ponders the possibility of our world without personal automobiles. He speculates whether our current society would welcome the invention of the personal automobile into a fictitious world without cars. Wilson immediately answers no. Wilson knows, as many well-informed individuals and experts do, that the personal automobile is responsible for contributing to pollution, destruction of rural and wilderness land, and depletion of natural resources. And an advanced society such as we live in today would not likely choose to burden our health, land, and resources for the sake of luxury and convenience, or at the very least, the personal automobile would not be as accessible as it is today. Because, in all reality, our current society does embrace inventions that compromise our society's well-being such as oil and chemical refineries, pesticides, and even convenience foods such as fast food and many refined prepacka ged foods. Wilson's opinions in his article, "Cars and Their Enemies" and discussions I have had on-line in the 305 class about Wilson's article have demonstrated to me that the personal automobile is an example of how many people are unwilling to acknowledge how personal convenience and luxury contribute to the deterioration of our world. Wilson's encouragement to the readers of his article to imagine life as we currently know it without the automobile begins with Wilson outlining exactly why the personal automobile is destructible in so many ways. He points out that academic and social critics believe that cars "burn fuel inefficiently" (304) ejecting "large amounts of unpleasant gases into the air" (304); "vast quantiti... ... of the personal automobile has damaged and continues to damage our world certainly provides a more informed awareness. Awareness, knowledge, and understanding possibility can lead to solutions to work towards improving the world we currently live in and the world in the future. However, I feel that it is a battle between selfish and personal desires and the urgent needs of our society and world. Even if an increased awareness and desire to work towards alleviation of the problems of pollution, outward expansion, and depletion of natural resources occurs, I'm afraid, as time goes by, it is becoming increasingly too late. I think the cliche, hindsight is 20/20 is certainly applicable here. Works Cited Wilson, James Q. "Cars and Their Enemies." The Presence of Others. Ed. Lunsford, Andrea A., and John J. Ruskiewicz. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000. 303-313.

Coca Cola and Innocent: an Innocent Partnership?

This paper, alma to discuss and discover what brought Peeps- Co organization Interest upon a company that In appearance Is at their antipode. Coca-Cola and Innocent: what interest? It is public knowledge that the beverage giant Pepsi- co had their shares of scandals and marketing mishaps as already discussed during our week 2 assignment. A market segment whew re the organization is lacking presence and weight is the healthy segment and the image of â€Å"Innocence† is absent from the corporation brand.The Innocent company Brand image Is strong, co marred to competitor In salary market segments, due to the name strength which Implies In m y opinion, strong ethics, transparency and stakeholders respect. Coca cola, In perennial competition with Pepsi- co. Tries to gain market advantage, further eroded after the Pepsi â€Å"agreement to distribute Tamping Plus fruit- flavored beverage† (Beverage Industry, 2010).The acquisition of Interests in a Company such as Innocent (The Guardian, 200 & Beverage Industry, 2010) could prove an interesting market entry for the soft drinks giant as we shall not forget Coca- Cola failed attempt to enter the European healthy drinks market. Since then the â€Å"company has tried to Improve its UK Image.

Motivation And Hate Groups

I think there should be a very good reason as to what motivates people to Join such organizations. I don't believe in hating something or someone that much to want to destroy it. Personally, in my opinion, people in hate groups, such as the ASK, are racist beings with no life whatsoever. These people seem so ignorant they might not even have a very good reason to have Joined a hate group. The ASK lost very many of its members after people started realizing how stupid and ignorant the organization was. I can't think of much that could motivate people these days to be a part of a hate group.After African Americans gained their freedom, some people were outraged and shocked and with such a big change, I think they were motivated to Join the hate group. But now in 2014, there's nothing that these people, whatever ethnicity, race, or religion they are, did to the members of the hate group, so there's no reason to propose violence onto Portia 2 them. Everybody Is different, whether they're different because of their race, religion, ethnicity, or sexual orientation. For example, not everybody Is fond of gays.Not long ago, Arizona Legislature has passed a controversial bill that would give business owners permission to deny service to gay and lesbian costumers. In my opinion, the bill is ridiculous, but It Just goes to show how people who actually take advantage of the bill are dumb-minded. How could people be so Ignorant? I mean, what did these people ever do to you? I don't think I will ever hate anything so much as to Join a hate group. Sure, there are some things I don't like, Like people being mean or bullying ACH other, but I don't think I'd ever stoop to such a low level to Join a hate group, Like the ASK.I would never hurt or put someone In danger because I didn't Like his or her race or religion. In my pollen It's hostile to propose violence to stop something you hate or dislike. People hate things so much that sometimes they commit to use violence to try to s top It and get rid of It. They Join groups that promote and practice hatred and violence towards members of a different race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation and any other things that make people differ from each other. One of these hate groups Is the UK Klux Klan, or also known as the ASK.People Join these groups out of racism and Ignorance, because there Is no rational explanation as to why they do so. Motivation And Hate Groups By weakling Everybody is different, whether they're different because of their race, religion, ethnicity, or sexual orientation. For example, not everybody is fond of gays. Not long bill is ridiculous, but it Just goes to show how people who actually take advantage of the bill are dumb-minded. How could people be so ignorant? I mean, what did these group.Sure, there are some things I don't like, like people being mean or bullying each other, but I don't think I'd ever stoop to such a low level to Join a hate group, like the ASK. I would never hurt or put someone in danger because I didn't like his or her race or religion. In my opinion it's hostile to propose violence to stop something you stop it and get rid of it. They Join groups that promote and practice hatred and groups is the UK Klux Klan, or also known as the ASK. People Join these groups out of racism and ignorance, because there is no rational explanation as to why they do so.

Accounting Concept Essays

Accounting Concept Essays Accounting Concept Essay Accounting Concept Essay The accruals concept brings a meaning that every expense should be recognized as they occurred. (Wild, Shaw, Barbara, 2009) For examples, when an expense incurred, we need to record it in the financial report, not when payment is made. While we receive the goods, we need to record the revenues. We need to record the net profit using the formula of net profit is equal to total revenue total cost. So that, we get a more accurate amount of profit for net profit is not equal to total revenue. When non-compliance of historical cost concept, the value of the assets is not objective and not reliable anymore since the evidence of transaction is not shown. Additionally, the market price changes often according to time period and thats why some users will prefer market value as it is more relevant. At current value, it will distort the whole fabric of accounting. It makes accounting information unreliable. If monetary concept is not practiced into the business, the condition as he unit used for measurement of value is not the same; the information in the financial statement couldnt be compared as its not the same of the real value. Certain information such as the value of workers and the types of goods will not be recorded into the financial as they do not a price for it. If going concern concept is not applied, the business is expected to shut down if the business is facing financial crisis. Therefore, this business would have a negative or pessimistic thinking and this would give a bad image to the public and shareholders. The business might have a hence to revive their business in the future but if they do not have a positive or optimistic thinking, their business would have a high chance of facing bankruptcy if they faced a financial crisis. The information in the financial statement cant be compared anymore, when time interval concept is not used. For example, if the financial statement of a company is prepared annually and the next one is closed in half year, then we cant compare these two financial statements because there are many transactions happen during the time interval, the profit calculated will be not name. Due to the reason the information in the financial statement is no longer reliable. Thus, there would be lesser potential share buyers interested in the company due to unreliable information. When non-compliance of business entity concept, the information in the financial statement wont be appropriate because unrelated information of the owner will be recorded in the financial statement. This will affect the profit and loss of the business because the owner personally expenses and revenues will be recorded in the financial statement. For example, the capital will e taken in as a drawing thus counted as a liability to the business when the owner invested ARM 100,000 into the business. If this concept is not used, the investment wont be record as a drawing. If accrual concept is not applied, the information in the financial statement wont be trustworthy anymore. The expenses wont be recorded when expenses incurred. It will be recorded when payment is made while. If revenues and expenses are recorded when payment made, the profit and loss of the business will become not accurate. Four qualitative characteristics that a uncial statement should posses: Understandability While preparing finance statement, the most significant things is the information should be easily understood by the public and able read through it easily. Relevant information need to be organized under a connected group. This is because it enables public to measure and give Judgment to the performance of the business easily with the accurately reliable information. CITATION we 1 17417 (Wood Gangster, 2012)Relevance The information in financial statement should be materialistic, as it stands as an important point to stakeholders to make a decision while using the information from the financial statement. Furthermore, materiality is one of the relevance criteria, as all the information we find out should be linked to evaluate past evaluation. It also enables the public to predict the future performance of the company. CITATION we 17417 (Wood Gangster, 2012)Reliability Reliable information will be useful to users as it doesnt include any wrong material. Faithful representation is one of the criteria of reliability in the accounting balance sheet. The transaction must represent accurately as at the reporting date. Another criterion in

Chelicerates (Chelicerata)

Chelicerates (Chelicerata) Chelicerates (Chelicerata) are a group of arthropods that includes harvestmen, scorpions, mites, spiders, horseshoe crabs, sea spiders, and ticks. There are about 77,000 living species of chelicerates. Chelicerates have two body segments (tagmenta) and six pairs of appendages. Four pairs of appendages are used for walking and two (the chelicerae and the pedipalps) are used as mouthparts. Chelicerates have no mandibles and no antennae. Chelicerates are an ancient group of arthropods that first evolved about 500 million years ago. Early members of the group included the giant water scorpions which were the largest of all arthropods, measuring up to 3 meters in length. The closest living cousins to giant water scorpions are the horseshoe crabs. Early chelicerates were predatory arthropods, but modern chelicerates have diversified to take advantage of a variety of feeding strategies. Members of this group are herbivores, detritivores, predators, parasites, and scavengers. Most chelicerates suck liquid food from their prey. Many chelicerates (such as scorpions and spiders) are unable to eat solid food due to their narrow gut. Instead, they must expel digestive enzymes onto their prey. The prey liquifies and they can then ingest the food. The exoskeleton of a chelicerate is a hard external structure made of chitin that protects the arthropod, prevents desiccation, and provides structural support. Since the exoskeleton is rigid, it cannot grow with the animal and must be molted periodically to allow for increases in size. After molting, a new exoskeleton is secreted by the epidermis. Muscles connect to the exoskeleton and enable the animal to control the movement of its joints. Key Characteristics six pairs of appendages and two body segmentschelicerae and pedipalpsno mandibles and no antennae Classification Chelicerates are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Invertebrates Arthropods Chelicerates Chelicerates are divided into the following taxonomic groups: Horseshoe crabs (Merostomata) - There are five species of horseshoe crabs alive today. Members of this group live in shallow marine waters along the Atlantic coast of North America. Horseshoe crabs are an ancient group of chelicerates that date back to the Cambrian. Horseshoe crabs have a distinct and unsegmented carapace (hard dorsal shell) and a long telson (a spine-like tailpiece).Sea spiders (Pycnogonida) - There are about 1300 species of sea spiders alive today. Members of this group have four pairs of very thin walking legs, a small abdomen, and elongated cephalothorax. Sea spiders are marine arthropods that feed on nutrients of other soft-bodied marine invertebrates. Sea spiders have a proboscis that enables them to obtain food from prey.Arachnids (Arachnida) - There are more than 80,000 species of arachnids alive today (scientists estimate that there might be more than 100,00 living species). Members of this group include spiders, scorpions, whip scorpions, ticks, mites, pseu doscorpions, and harvestmen. Most arachnids feed on insects and other small invertebrates. Arachnids kill their prey using their chelicerae and pedipalps. Sources Hickman C, Roberts L, Keen S. Animal Diversity. 6th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2012. 479 p. Ruppert E, Fox R, Barnes R. Invertebrate  Zoology: A Functional Evolutionary Approach. 7th ed. Belmont CA: Brooks/Cole; 2004. 963 p.

Airflow in Ducts Research Paper Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Airflow in Ducts Research Paper - Lab Report Example Experiment 2 There is a slight fall in pressure in the approach section and the static pressure is at a minimum about one pipe diameter before the orifice plate. The pressure of the fluid then rises near the face of the orifice. There is then a sudden fall of pressure as the fluid passes through the orifice, but the minimum pressure is not attained until the vena contracta is reached. Beyond the vena contracta, there is a rapid recovery in the static pressure. Owing to friction and dissipation of energy in turbulence, the maximum downstream pressure is always lesser than the upstream pressure. The pressure loss so caused depends upon the differential pressure and increases as the orifice ratio decreases for a given rate of flow. Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Lit erature review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 Discussion of Results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 Conclusions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 Introduction Experiment 1 The main intention of this experiment is to explore the relationship between fluids and the media through which they travel by exploring the events that occur in the movement of a fluid from one point to another and the characteristics of the fluid itself. These ma y include may include pressure, momentum, viscosity, turbulence, velocity of the fluid and friction. It also considers the impact of foreign bodies and flow equipment along the path of the fluid This experiment will allow students to learn the method of measuring air flow velocity using Pitot tube. The student will understand the working principle of Pitot tube as well as the importance of Bernoulli equation in deriving and calculating the velocity by exploring the developing boundary layer in the entry length of a pipe. Experiment 2 The main objective of this was to determine the vital discharge coefficient for an orifice plate meter installed within an air flow pipe and using the static pressure tapping’s provided, to investigate the pressure distribution along the pipe downstream of the orifice plate. Literature review Essentially fluid dynamics in physics is considered as a sub-discipline of fluid mechanics, and deals with the relations between velocities and acceleration s and forces exerted by or upon fluids in motion. This field encompasses aerodynamics, (the study of air and other gases in motion) and hydrodynamics (the study of liquids in motion). Fluids are either liquids or gases A liquid is a state of matter in which the molecules are relatively but still are on average close enough together to interact continuously with nearest neighbors so as to maintain a relatively fixed volume. In contrast, a gas exists as a state of matte

Hazard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Hazard - Essay Example Therefore, hazardous chemicals should be appropriately labeled and stored in a place where they are not easily accessible to untrained staff. â€Å"A hazard communication program contains three basic components: labels, MSDS, and employee information and training† (106). Suppliers should provide labels on chemicals and each chemical should have a document describing its properties, hazards, and proper handling. Employees should be trained to know hazardous chemicals and how to protect themselves against physical or health hazards. This source is very important since it enables employers to know which provisions there are under the law, and gives employees the right to sue employers for non-compliance with hazard communication. This source compares to the book safety and the security professional: occupational safety and health strategies in the Annotated Bibliography (AB), in that they both base their interpretation of hazard communication on the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. This book, however, contrasts with the book Hazardous chemicals: control and regulation in the European market, because the latter centers on the classification of hazardous chemicals, while the former focuses on the legal aspects of hazardous substances. ... The author states that, â€Å"the entire safety program is driven to ensure that accidents are avoided, that workers remain healthy, and that productivity is maximized† (105). This can be achieved through staff training to ensure adequate disaster preparedness, and prompt emergency response and self protection. According to Wyman, â€Å"communicating chemical hazards starts with employers assessing the presence of hazardous chemicals in the workplace and establishing safety programs to minimize those hazards† (205). Ideally, hazard communication should, therefore, serve to notify employees of the hazardous nature of chemicals found at their place of employment. The work is imperative in the annotated bibliography, since it sheds light on how employees at all levels- ranging from directors to supervisors and subordinates - can ensure protection at the workplace, through hazard communication. This book compares to Hazardous chemicals: control and regulation in the Europea n market, in that both books provide information on how members of staff is supposed to protect themselves from physical and health hazards, for example, irritants and carcinogens. This source differs from the book A Guide for Safety And Loss Prevention Professionals in that the latter focuses more on the legal aspects of hazard communication, while the former emphasizes on safety maintenance at the workplace. Disaster management is indeed a practice that cannot be alienated if hazards have to be handled in the workplace. California Department of Industrial Relations. Guide to the California Hazard Communication Regulation. California: California Department of Industrial Relations, 2000. Print. In this guide, the